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451.
为探讨辽河保护区地表水中DOM(dissolved organic matter,溶解性有机质)组成、腐殖化程度及时空变化,采集辽河保护区上游至下游及主要支流入辽河干流河口处丰水期和枯水期地表水样品,基于UV-Vis(紫外-可见吸收光谱)揭示地表水中DOM结构组成的时空变化特征. 结果表明:①从季节上看,辽河保护区地表水丰水期DOC(dissolved organic carbon,溶解性有机碳)浓度(11.73 mg/L)高于枯水期(6.76 mg/L),且丰水期DOM中类蛋白质组分相对浓度高于枯水期,而类腐殖质组分的相对浓度较低;从空间上看,辽河保护区支流DOC平均浓度高于干流浓度,且丰水期地表水DOM中类蛋白物质与类腐殖质浓度增加. ②基于UV-Vis特征参数可知,辽河保护区地表水中DOM主要以内源释放为主;从季节上看,丰水期降水量和地表径流增加,DOM的芳香性、分子量、腐殖化水平降低;从空间上看,辽河保护区地表水DOM的腐殖化程度沿河流上游至下游呈现逐渐递减趋势,且支流DOM腐殖化程度较高,具有较高的芳香性及疏水性. 研究显示,河流地表水中DOM的芳香性与分子量大小受周边沿岸生态环境系统、生物条件、土地利用类型等因素影响,不同类型地表水中DOM具有显著差异. 相似文献
453.
水动力学法预测三峡工程对洞庭湖洲滩的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
用水动力学方法,根据三峡建库前后不同的时空边界条件,模拟长江水情要素,并建立长江水位与洞庭湖水位的回归方程,从而预测三峡工程对洞庭湖区洲滩面积的影响。 相似文献
454.
José A. P. Marcelino Everett Weber Luís Silva Patrícia V. Garcia António O. Soares 《Environmental management》2014,54(5):1121-1130
Human influence associated with land use may cause considerable biodiversity losses, namely in oceanic islands such as the Azores. Our goal was to identify plant indicator species across two gradients of increasing anthropogenic influence and management (arborescent and herbaceous communities) and determine similarity between plant communities of uncategorized vegetation plots to those in reference gradients using metrics derived from R programming. We intend to test and provide an expedient way to determine the conservation value of a given uncategorized vegetation plot based on the number of native, endemic, introduced, and invasive indicator species present. Using the metric IndVal, plant taxa with a significant indicator value for each community type in the two anthropogenic gradients were determined. A new metric, ComVal, was developed to assess the similarity of an uncategorized vegetation plot toward a reference community type, based on (i) the percentage of pre-defined indicator species from reference communities present in the vegetation plots, and (ii) the percentage of indicator species, specific to a given reference community type, present in the vegetation plot. Using a data resampling approach, the communities were randomly used as training or validation sets to classify vegetation plots based on ComVal. The percentage match with reference community types ranged from 77 to 100 % and from 79 to 100 %, for herbaceous and arborescent vegetation plots, respectively. Both IndVal and ComVal are part of a suite of useful tools characterizing plant communities and plant community change along gradients of anthropogenic influence without a priori knowledge of their biology and ecology. 相似文献
455.
456.
A simulated landfill biocover microcosm consisting of a modifying ceramsite material and compost were investigated. Results show that the mixture can improve the material porosity and achieve a stable and highly efficient (100%) methane oxidation over an extended operating period. The diversity of the methanotrophic community in the microcosm was assessed. Type I methanotrophs were enhanced in the microcosm due to the increased air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not significantly affected. Moreover, the type I methanotrophic community structure significantly varied with the reactor height, whereas that of type II methanotrophic communities did not exhibit a spatial variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that type I methanotroph-based nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) resulted in the detection of eight different populations, most of which are related to Methylobacter sp., whereas that of type II resulted in the detection of nine different populations, most of which are related to Methylocystaceae. Methanotrophic community analysis also indicated that a number of new methanotrophic genera not closely related to any known methanotrophic populations were present. 相似文献
457.
Xiaoping Zhou Xiaoke Wang Lei Tong Hongxing Zhang Fei Lu Feixiang Zheng Peiqiang Hou Wenzhi Song Zhiyun Ouyang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(12):2104-2112
The significant warming in urban environment caused by the combined effects of global warming and heat island has stimulated widely development of urban vegetations. However, it is less known of the climate feedback of urban lawn in warmed environment. Soil warming effect on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide during the transition period from winter to spring was investigated in a temperate urban lawn in Beijing, China. The NEE (negative for uptake) under soil warming treatment (temperature was about 5℃ higher than the ambient treatment as a control) was -0.71 μmol/(m2.sec), the ecosytem was a CO2 sink under soil warming treatment, the lawn ecosystem under the control was a CO2 source (0.13 μmol/(m2.sec)), indicating that the lawn ecosystem would provide a negative feedback to global warming. There was no significant effect of soil warming on nocturnal NEE (i.e., ecosystem respiration), although the soil temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ecosystem respiration under soil warming treatment was 3.86, much lower than that in the control (7.03). The CO2 uptake was significantly increased by soil warming treatment that was attributed to about 100% increase of α (apparent quantum yield) and Amax (maximum rate of photosynthesis). Our results indicated that the response of photosynthesis in urban lawn is much more sensitive to global warming than respiration in the transition period. 相似文献
458.
基于PCR-TGGE技术的餐厨垃圾厌氧消化微生物群落结构解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解不同负荷下单相餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器内微生物群落结构演替特征,在单相厌氧消化反应器负荷为2.0~8.5kg·m-·3d-1(以VS计)的不同负荷条件下取样,运用16SrDNA的PCR-TGGE技术对反应器内微生物进行动态追踪.同时,运用Dice系统和NMDS软件对PCR-TGGE图谱进行分析.结果表明,负荷为4.0~6.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化不大;负荷为6.0~7.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化较为明显;负荷分别为7.0~8.0kg·m-·3d-1及8.5kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化最为明显.纵观整个过程,在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器有机负荷在2.0~8.5kg·m-·3d-1下厌氧反应器内的微生物群落结构存在明显的阶段性演替;负荷为7.0kg·m-·3d-1时微生物群落结构的丰富度最好. 相似文献
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460.