全文获取类型
收费全文 | 459篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 11篇 |
废物处理 | 19篇 |
环保管理 | 47篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
基础理论 | 83篇 |
污染及防治 | 164篇 |
评价与监测 | 29篇 |
社会与环境 | 33篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 1篇 |
1944年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
1933年 | 2篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有465条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Lars Guenther Peter Weingart Corlia Meyer 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(8):1046-1061
ABSTRACTIn science communication, a prerequisite for reaching different parts of a society is to find out how these publics experience and interpret science. Since rural South African publics are perceived to exhibit a large cultural distance to science, the present exploratory study aimed to know in more detail how rural South Africans perceive and understand science in their local and social contexts. Theoretical notions on cultural distance and the methodological approach of segmentation studies were considered. Semi-structured interviews with rural South Africans were carried out in four towns (n?=?52) that differ with respect to having a large scientific installation in their vicinity, or not. Sensitively comparing local and social contexts helped identifying three different publics who differed regarding their perceptions of science; however, the large scientific installations only made a difference in perceptions for those publics who were generally less exposed to and less knowledgeable about science. 相似文献
32.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater in Queensland, Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lars Herngren Godwin A. Ayoko Maria M.M. Mostert 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2848-2856
This paper reports the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wash-off in urban stormwater in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff samples collected from residential, industrial and commercial sites were separated into a dissolved fraction (<0.45 μm), and three particulate fractions (0.45-75 μm, 75-150 μm and >150 μm). Patterns in the distribution of PAHs in the fractions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis. Regardless of the land use and particle size fraction characteristics, the presence of organic carbon plays a dominant role in the distribution of PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were also found to decrease with rainfall duration. Generally, the 1- and 2-year average recurrence interval rainfall events were associated with the majority of the PAHs and the wash-off was a source limiting process. In the context of stormwater quality mitigation, targeting the initial part of the rainfall event is the most effective treatment strategy. The implications of the study results for urban stormwater quality management are also discussed. 相似文献
33.
Floating, organic crusts on liquid manure, stored as a result of animal production, reduce emission of ammonia (NH3) and other volatile compounds during storage. The occurrence of NO2- and NO3- in the crusts indicate the presence of actively metabolizing NH3-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) which may be partly responsible for this mitigation effect. Six manure tanks with organic covers (straw and natural) were surveyed to investigate the prevalence and potential activity ofAOB and its dependence on the O2 availability in the crust matrix as studied by electrochemical profiling. Oxygen penetration varied from <1 mm in young, poorly developed natural crusts and old straw crusts, to several centimeters in the old natural crusts. The AOB were ubiquitously present in all crusts investigated, but nitrifying activity could only be detected in old natural crusts and young straw crust with high O2 availability. In old natural crusts, total potential NH3 oxidation rates were similar to reported fluxes of NH3 from slurry without surface crust. These results indicate that old, natural surface crusts may develop into a porous matrix with high O2 availability that harbors an active population of aerobic microorganisms, including AOB. The microbial activity may thus contribute to a considerable reduction of ammonia emissions from slurry tanks with well-developed crusts. 相似文献
34.
S. Stiernström K. HemströmO. Wik G. CarlssonB.-E. Bengtsson M. Breitholtz 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(2):342-352
Within the EU, ash should be classified by its inherent hazardous effects under criterion H-14 (ecotoxic) in the Directive on waste (2008/98/EC). Today, however, there are no harmonized quantitative criterions for such a classification, but it is stated that biological test systems can be used. In this study seven ash materials were leached and characterized, both biologically and chemically. The objectives were to evaluate if (a) clear concentration-response relationships could be achieved for the selected toxicity tests (bacteria, algae, crustacean and fish), (b) some test(s) are generally more sensitive and (c) the toxic responses were consistent with the chemical analyzes. Interestingly, our results indicate that high concentrations of non-hazardous components (Ca, K) influenced the toxicity of almost all ash eluates, whereas hazardous components (e.g. Zn, Pb) only influenced the toxicity of the eluates ranked as most hazardous. If considering both hazardous and non-hazardous substances, the observed toxic responses were relatively consistent with the chemical analyzes. Our results further showed that the (sub)chronic tests were much more sensitive than the acute tests. However, the use of extrapolation factors to compensate for using the less sensitive acute tests will likely lead to either over- or underestimations of toxicity. Our recommendation is therefore that classification of waste according to H-14 should be based on (sub)chronic test data. Finally, given that treatment of the eluates prior to toxicity testing has a major significance on the concentration and speciation of released substances, further studies are needed in order to propose a relevant testing scheme. 相似文献
35.
Johanna Stadmark Anne-Gret Seifert Lars Leonardson 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(6):1182-1188
In a laboratory study we investigated 1) the potential production of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and 2) the effect of nitrate (NO3?) and anaerobic N2O development on CH4 production in sediment from a recently recreated free surface water wetland (FSWW) and in soil from an adjacent meadow. We designed an experiment where production of greenhouse gases was registered at the time of maximum net development of N2O. We made additions of biodegradable carbon (glucose) and/or NO3? to sediment and soil slurries and incubated them at four temperatures (4, 13, 20, 28 °C). Gas production from both substrates was positively correlated with temperature. We also found that the sediment produced more N2O than the soil. N2O production in sediment was NO3? limited, whereas in soil carbon availability was lower and only combined additions of NO3? and glucose supported increased N2O development. CH4 production was generally low and did not differ between soil and sediment. Nor did glucose addition increase CH4 rates. The results suggest that neither soil nor sediment environment did support development of methanogenic populations. There were no clear effects of NO3? on CH4 production. However, the highest records of CH4 were found in incubations with low N2O production, which indicates that N2O might be toxic to methanogens. In summary, our study showed that transforming meadows into FSWWs implies a risk of increased N2O emissions. This does not seem to be valid for CH4. However, since N2O is almost always produced wherever NO3? is denitrified, increased N2O production in wetlands leads to reduced rates in downstream environments. Hence, we conclude that when balancing NO3? retention and global warming aspects, we find no reason to discourage future creation or restoration of wetlands. 相似文献
36.
Ernesto Gramsch Lars Gidhagen Peter Wahlin Pedro Oyola Francisco Moreno 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(14):2260-2267
A monitoring campaign was performed in Santiago de Chile during a winter month of 2003 and 2006 (July) using several instruments to measure the size distribution of particulate material. For the first time, the size distribution of ultrafine particles was measured in Santiago, and an estimation of its sources was done by analyzing its temporal variation. The study was performed in three sites; one of them is located in the eastern part of Santiago, a sector with low particle concentration and about 100 m from a busy street. The other site is located in the western part, which is the sector that has the highest concentration of fine and coarse particle matter during winter, also located far from a street. The third site is located within 5 m from the busiest street in Santiago. In all stations traffic is the dominating source for fine and ultrafine particles and the size distribution is peaked towards 60–100 nm (soot mode). Only in the site near the street, it is possible to see a clear peak towards smaller sizes (10–30 nm). The size distribution measurements presented here indicate that aerosol dynamics play a more important role for the Santiago case as compared to cleaner cities in Europe. Changes in the particle size during different hours of the day reflect both variations in meteorological mixing conditions as well as effects of aerosol dynamic processes such as coagulation, condensation and dry deposition. A relative increase in the number of the larger ultrafine particles (d ≥ 70 nm), as compared to the number of smaller particles (d < 70 nm) correlated with wind speed is an indication of pollution transport with aged particles from other parts of the city. 相似文献
37.
38.
Kumpiene J Ragnvaldsson D Lövgren L Tesfalidet S Gustavsson B Lättström A Leffler P Maurice C 《Chemosphere》2009,74(2):206-215
The impact of water saturation level (oxidizing-reducing environment) on As and metal solubility in chromium, copper, arsenic (CCA)-contaminated soil amended with Fe-containing materials was studied. The soil was mixed with 0.1 and 1 wt% of iron grit (Fe(0)) and 1, 7 and 15 wt% of oxygen scarfing granulate (OSG, a by-product of steel processing). Solubility of As and metals was evaluated by a batch leaching test and analysis of soil pore water. Soil saturation with water greatly increased As solubility in the untreated as well as in the Fe-amended soil. This was related to the reductive dissolution of Fe oxides and increased concentration of As(III) species. Fe amendments showed As reducing capacity under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The cytotoxicity of the soil pore water correlated with the concentration of As(III). The Fe-treatments as well as water saturation of soil were less significant for the solubility of Cu, Cr and Zn than for As. The batch leaching test used for waste characterization substantially underestimated As solubility that could occur under water-saturated (anaerobic) conditions. In the case of soil landfilling, other techniques than Fe-stabilization of As containing soil should be considered. 相似文献
39.
Lars Löfquist 《Disasters》2017,41(1):41-54
This paper analyses the contribution of virtue ethics, the study of good character traits, to the humanitarian context. It argues that a virtue ethics perspective paints a realistic picture of the use of ethical standards in morally complex circumstances. Virtuous relief workers can employ standards in their thinking, but they are also committed to professional excellence that goes beyond any formal code. The concept of virtue ethics places a stress on moral development, which can be facilitated by role models that impart modest and feasible ideals. However, virtue ethics cannot provide simple guidelines on how to resolve difficult situations. It is possible that two virtuous persons can disagree on what should be done in a particular instance. In addition, a virtue ethics perspective emphasises the need for both individuals and organisations to discuss the actual purpose of relief work in order to pinpoint the virtues of a good relief professional. 相似文献
40.
We use economic analysis to evaluate grandfathering, auctioning, and benchmarking approaches for allocation of emissions allowances and then discuss practical experience from European and American schemes. In principle, auctions are superior from the viewpoints of efficiency, fairness, transparency, and simplicity. In practice, auctions have been opposed by important sectors of industry, which argue that carbon pricing without compensation would harm international competitiveness. In the European Union's Emissions Trading System, this concern led to grandfathering that is updated at various intervals. Unfortunately, updating gives industry an incentive to change behavior to influence future allocation. Furthermore, the wealth transferred to incumbent firms can be significantly larger than the extra costs incurred, leading to windfall profits. Meanwhile, potential auction revenues are not available to reduce other taxes. By circumscribing free allocation, benchmarking can target competitiveness concerns, incur less wealth transfer, and provide a strategy consistent with transitioning to auctions in the long run. 相似文献