全文获取类型
收费全文 | 687篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 36篇 |
废物处理 | 27篇 |
环保管理 | 103篇 |
综合类 | 122篇 |
基础理论 | 150篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 182篇 |
评价与监测 | 45篇 |
社会与环境 | 37篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有712条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Marlene Roellig Laura M. E. Sutcliffe Marek Sammul Henrik von Wehrden Jens Newig Joern Fischer 《Ambio》2016,45(2):185-195
Wood-pastures are associated with high cultural and biodiversity values in Europe. However, due to their relatively low productivity, large areas of wood-pastures have been lost over the last century. In some areas, incentive schemes have been developed to revive wood-pastures. We investigated the effects of one such scheme in western Estonia. We compared the structure of grazed wood-pastures (old and restored) to those of abandoned wood-pastures and ungrazed forest stands to explore the effects of management, and conducted interviews with 24 farmers to investigate their motivations to carry out the management. We found a positive influence of active management on the semi-open structure of wood-pastures. Financial support was vital for management, but personal values related to tradition also played an important role. The interviewees differed widely in their range of motivations, suggesting that other strategies in addition to financial incentives would further improve the management of wood-pastures in the region.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0719-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献22.
Ester Heath Marjeta Česen Noelia Negreira Miren Lopez de Alda Laura Ferrando-Climent Lucie Blahova Tung Viet Nguyen Mohamed Adahchour Achim Ruebel Neville Llewellyn Janez Ščančar Srdjan Novaković Vesna Mislej Marjeta Stražar Damià Barceló Tina Kosjek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14692-14704
The results of an inter-laboratory comparison exercise to determine cytostatic anticancer drug residues in surface water, hospital wastewater and wastewater treatment plant effluent are reported. To obtain a critical number of participants, an invitation was sent out to potential laboratories identified to have the necessary knowledge and instrumentation. Nine laboratories worldwide confirmed their participation in the exercise. The compounds selected (based on the extent of use and laboratories capabilities) included cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, etoposide, methotrexate and cisplatinum. Samples of spiked waste (hospital and wastewater treatment plant effluent) and surface water, and additional non-spiked hospital wastewater, were prepared by the organising laboratory (Jo?ef Stefan Institute) and sent out to each participant partner for analysis. All analytical methods included solid phase extraction (SPE) and the use of surrogate/internal standards for quantification. Chemical analysis was performed using either liquid or gas chromatography mass (MS) or tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry. Cisplatinum was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A required minimum contribution of five laboratories meant that only cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide could be included in the statistical evaluation. z-score and Q test revealed 3 and 4 outliers using classical and robust approach, respectively. The smallest absolute differences between the spiked values and the measured values were observed in the surface water matrix. The highest within-laboratory repeatability was observed for methotrexate in all three matrices (CV?≤?12 %). Overall, inter-laboratory reproducibility was poor for all compounds and matrices (CV 27–143 %) with the only exception being methotrexate measured in the spiked hospital wastewater (CV?=?8 %). Random and total errors were identified by means of Youden plots. 相似文献
23.
Daniel S. Read Marianne Matzke Hyun S. Gweon Lindsay K. Newbold Laura Heggelund Maria Diez Ortiz Elma Lahive David Spurgeon Claus Svendsen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(5):4120-4128
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an array of products and processes, ranging from personal care products to antifouling paints, textiles, food additives, antibacterial agents and environmental remediation processes. Soils are an environment likely to be exposed to manmade nanoparticles due to the practice of applying sewage sludge as a fertiliser or as an organic soil improver. However, understanding on the interactions between soil properties, nanoparticles and the organisms that live within soil is lacking, especially with regards to soil bacterial communities. We studied the effects of nanoparticulate, non-nanoparticulate and ionic zinc (in the form of zinc chloride) on the composition of bacterial communities in soil with a modified pH range (from pH 4.5 to pH 7.2). We observed strong pH-dependent effects on the interaction between bacterial communities and all forms of zinc, with the largest changes in bacterial community composition occurring in soils with low and medium pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.9). The high pH soil (pH 7.2) was less susceptible to the effects of zinc exposure. At the highest doses of zinc (2500 mg/kg dw soil), both nano and non-nano particulate zinc applications elicited a similar response in the soil bacterial community, and this differed significantly to the ionic zinc salt treatment. The results highlight the importance of considering soil pH in nanotoxicology studies, although further work is needed to determine the exact mechanisms controlling the toxicity and fate and interactions of nanoparticles with soil microbial communities. 相似文献
24.
The analysis of three years of 8-h CO concentration values registered in a deep street canyon downtown shows high frequency of values that exceed WHO health protection guidelines. An inverse relationship between opposing percentiles of the distributions of CO concentrations and mean wind speed could be found. Data also showed a variation of mean CO values with prevailing wind direction. The averaged concentration value obtained when the sampler probe is on the leeward side is lower than the obtained when it is on the windward wall. A preliminary explanation of this feature may be related to the advection of polluted air from a high traffic density area nearby. 相似文献
25.
Mihaly Cozmuta A Bretan L Mihaly Cozmuta L Nicula C Peter A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1622-1630
Indirect measures were considered to study the lead transfer along the soil-melliferous flora-bee family-apiary products food chain. The concentrations of total and bioavailable lead in the soil were first investigated. Next, the lead level in different organs of melliferous flora and subsequently in the bee family and apiary products was measured. The results indicate a decrease in contamination as follows: honeybees > drones > propolis > wax > bee larvae > honey > royal jelly. The statistical analysis highlights the "lead pollution bioindicator" role of honeybees, honey and propolis. The risk factor parameter allows the prediction of the most impacted month and the least impacted of the melliferous season. 相似文献
26.
In 1998, the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers underwent an enormous environmental disaster caused by the rupture of the Aznalcóllar
tailings dam and the release of 6 hm3 of pyrite sludge and acidic water. Both rivers run over recent alluvial materials which form a small-sized aquifer which
is however important because underground water feeds the flow of the rivers. This work analyzes the state of groundwater 10 years
after the spill. Before the dam failure, this aquifer was already contaminated in the zone nearest to the mine, to which the
impact of the spill was added. Contamination levels in the alluvial aquifer of the Agrio River have decreased remarkably.
However, they are still important, with acidic pH values and high concentrations of toxic elements (maximum values of 16 mg/L
of Zn and 15 mg/L of Al). There are also important levels of contamination in the Guadiamar alluvial area closest to the mine,
as well as in specific zones located further south. The concentration of toxic elements is mainly controlled by pH. The evolution
of contaminant levels show a sharp decrease after the first years following the spill, followed by a subsequent stabilization.
It is necessary to take measures for the recovery of the aquifer because, otherwise, groundwater will continue contributing
contaminants into the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers. 相似文献
27.
Grisoli P Rodolfi M Chiara T Zonta LA Dacarro C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4171-4180
The proliferation of air-diffused microorganisms inside public buildings such as schools, hospitals, and universities, is often indicated as a possible health risk. In this research, we have illustrated the results of an investigation realized to determine the health of the air in some university classrooms, both from a microbiological and a microclimatic viewpoint, during the normal didactic activity of direct lessons. The results obtained have been expressed by means of contamination indices, already used in previous works. Very little contamination was recorded in the different phases of air treatment, which underlines the efficiency of the system and of the maintenance protocols. The Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC per cubic meter) showed a value greater than the mean during the heating period (290), while the highest values (95th percentile 1,138.45) were recorded in the period using air conditioning. The index of mesophilic bacterial contamination, though it did not show any significant differences in the various modes of air treatment, showed a mean value (1.34) and the 95th percentile value (4.14), which was greater in the air-conditioning phase. Finally, the mean value of the amplification index underlined a decrease in the microbial contamination in comparison to the outside, while showing situations of increased microbial amplification during the period of simple ventilation (95th percentile 4.27). The 95th percentile values found for GICM in the three sampling periods, however, permitted us to identify the value of GIMC per cubic meter equal to 1,000 as a guide to provide a means of self-monitoring the quality of the air inside the classrooms. From a microclimatic viewpoint, two periods of the year manifested discomfort situations: during the heating phase (winter) and during the simple ventilation phase (spring). The results obtained indicate, therefore, a need to intervene on the environmental parameters, not being able, in this particular case, to intervene on other aspects that influence the microclimate. 相似文献
28.
Laura N. Rigacci Adonis D. N. Giorgi Carolina S. Vilches Natalia Alejandra Ossana Alfredo Salibián 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9161-9168
The lower portion of the Reconquista River is highly polluted. However, little is known about the state of the high and middle basins. The aims of this work were to assess the water quality on the high and middle Reconquista River basins and to determinate if the presence of a reservoir in the river has a positive effect on the water quality. We conducted a seasonal study between August 2009 and November 2010 at the mouth of La Choza, Durazno, and La Horqueta streams at the Roggero reservoir—which receives the water from the former streams—at the origin of the Reconquista River and 17 km downstream from the reservoir. We measured 25 physical and chemical parameters, including six heavy metal concentrations, and performed a multivariate statistical analysis to summarize the information and allow the interpretation of the whole data set. We found that the Durazno and La Horqueta streams had better water quality than La Choza, and the presence of the reservoir contributed to the improvement of the water quality, allowing oxygenation of the water body and processing of organic matter and ammonia. The water quality of the Reconquista River at its origin is good and similar to the reservoir, but a few kilometers downstream, the water quality declines as a consequence of the presence of industries and human settlements. Therefore, the Roggero reservoir produces a significant improvement of water quality of the river, but the discharge of contaminants downstream quickly reverses this effect. 相似文献
29.
Hugo Ramiro Poma Verónica Beatriz Rajal María Dolores Blanco Fernández Patricia Angélica Barril Miguel Oscar Giordano Gisela Masachessi Laura Cecilia Martínez María Beatriz Isa María Cecilia Freire Gabriela López Riviello Daniel Cisterna Silvia Viviana Nates Viviana Andrea Mbayed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2565-2576
Enteric viruses monitoring in surface waters requires the concentration of viruses before detection assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods in terms of recovery efficiencies of bacteriophage PP7 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, measured by real-time PCR, using it as a viral control process in water analysis. Different nucleic acid extraction methods (silica–guanidinium thiocyanate, a commercial kit (Qiagen Viral RNA Kit) and phenol–chloroform with alcohol precipitation) exhibited very low recovery efficiencies (0.08–4.18 %), being the most efficient the commercial kit used for subsequent experiments. To evaluate the efficiency of three concentration methods, PBS (as model for clean water) and water samples from rivers were seeded to reach high (HC, 106 pfu ml?1) and low concentrations (LC, 104 pfu ml?1) of PP7. Tangential ultrafiltration proved to be more efficient (50.36?±?12.91, 17.21?±?9.22 and 12.58?±?2.35 % for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively) than adsorption–elution with negatively charged membranes (1.00?±?1.34, 2.79?±?2.62 and 0.05?±?0.08 % for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively) and polyethylene glycol precipitation (15.95?±?7.43, 4.01?±?1.12 and 3.91?±?0.54 %, for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively), being 3.2–50.4 times more efficient than the others for PBS and 2.7–252 times for river samples. Efficiencies also depended on the initial virus concentration and aqueous matrixes composition. In consequence, the incorporation of an internal standard like PP7 along the process is useful as a control of the water concentration procedure, the nucleic acid extraction, the presence of inhibitors and the variability of the recovery among replicas, and for the calculation of the sample limit of detection. Thus, the use of a process control, as presented here, is crucial for the accurate quantification of viral contamination. 相似文献
30.
Laura Eichelberger 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(33):32938-32951
Using a relational approach, I examine several cultural dimensions involved in household water access and use in Newtok, Alaska. I describe the patterns that emerge around domestic water access and use, as well as the subjective lived experiences of water insecurity including risk perceptions, and the daily work and hydro-social relationships involved in accessing water from various sources. I found that Newtok residents haul water in limited amounts from a multitude of sources, both treated and untreated, throughout the year. Household water access is tied to hydro-social relationships predicated on sharing and reciprocity, particularly when the primary treated water access point is unavailable. Older boys and young men are primarily responsible for hauling water, and this role appears to be important to male Yupik identity. Many interviewees described preferring to drink untreated water, a practice that appears related to cultural constructions of natural water sources as pure and self-purifying, as well as concerns about the safety of treated water. Concerns related to the health consequences of low water access appear to differ by gender and age, with women and elders expressing greater concern than men. These preliminary results point to the importance of understanding the cultural dimensions involved in household water access and use. I argue that institutional responses to water insecurity need to incorporate such cultural dimensions into solutions aimed at increasing household access to and use of water. 相似文献