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51.
Benassi Laura Dalipi Rogerta Consigli Veronica Pasquali Michela Borgese Laura Depero Laura E. Clegg Francis Bingham Paul A. Bontempi Elza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14834-14846
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work supports, for the first time, the integrated management of waste materials arising from industrial processes (fly ash from municipal solid... 相似文献
52.
Laura A. Geer Jeremy Weedon Michelle L. Bell 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1285-1295
Previous studies have explored the association between air pollution levels and adverse birth outcomes such as lower birth weight. Existing literature suggests an association, although results across studies are not consistent. Additional research is needed to confirm the effect, investigate the exposure window of importance, and distinguish which pollutants cause harm. We assessed the association between ambient pollutant concentrations and term birth weight for 1,548,904 births in TX from 1998 to 2004. Assignment of prenatal exposure to air pollutants was based on maternal county of residence at the time of delivery. Pollutants examined included particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 and ≤2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). We applied a linear model with birth weight as a continuous variable. The model was adjusted for known risk factors and region. We assessed pollutant effects by trimester to identify biological exposure window of concern, and explored interaction due to race/ethnicity. An interquartile increase in ambient pollutant concentrations of SO2 and O3 was associated with a 4.99-g (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87–8.11) and 2.72-g (95% CI, 1.11–4.33) decrease in birth weight, respectively. Lower birth weight was associated with exposure to O3 in the first and second trimester, whereas results were not significant for other pollutants by trimester. A positive association was exhibited for PM2.5 in the first trimester. Effects estimates for PM10 and PM2.5 were inconsistent across race/ethnic groups. Current ambient air pollution levels may be increasing the risk of lower birth weight for some pollutants. These risks may be increased for certain racial/ethnic groups. Additional research including consideration of improved methodology is needed to investigate these findings. Future studies should examine the influence of residual confounding.
Implications: This is one of the most comprehensive studies examining criteria air pollutants and lower birth weight in Texas. Our findings confirm results found previously for adverse effects of the air pollutant SO2 on lower birth weight. Results from our study suggest that adverse pregnancy outcomes such as lower birth weight can occur even while maintaining air pollution levels below regulatory standards. Future studies should incorporate the assessment of differential pollutant exposure as well as effect estimates by race/ethnicity with individual and community-level social factors in order to enhance our understanding of how physical, social, and host factors influence birth outcomes. Supplemental Materials: Supplementary information relating to characteristics of excluded births, distribution of air pollutant monitors by pollutant, and correlation coefficients of the air pollutants is available in the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 相似文献
53.
Nicolardi V Cai G Parrotta L Puglia M Bianchi L Bini L Gaggi C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):1-10
Lichens are an excellent model to study the bioaccumulation of heavy metals but limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms occurring during bioaccumulation. We investigated the changes of the lichen proteome during exposure to constant concentrations of mercury. We found that most of changes involves proteins of the photosynthetic pathway, such as the chloroplastic photosystem I reaction center subunit II, the oxygen-evolving protein and the chloroplastic ATP synthase β-subunit. This suggests that photosynthesis is a target of the toxic effects of mercury. These findings are also supported by changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene). Alterations to the photosynthetic machinery also reflect on the structure of thylakoid membranes of algal cells. Response of lichens to mercury also involves stress-related proteins (such as Hsp70) but not cytoskeletal proteins. Results suggest that lichens adapt to mercury exposure by changing the metabolic production of energy. 相似文献
54.
Mannino I Franco D Piccioni E Favero L Mattiuzzo E Zanetto G 《Environmental management》2008,41(1):118-129
A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to evaluate the competitiveness of seminatural Free Water Surface (FWS) wetlands
compared to traditional wastewater-treatment plants. Six scenarios of the service costs of three FWS wetlands and three different
wastewater-treatment plants based on active sludge processes were compared. The six scenarios were all equally effective in
their wastewater-treatment capacity. The service costs were estimated using real accounting data from an experimental wetland
and by means of a market survey. Some assumptions had to be made to perform the analysis. A reference wastewater situation
was established to solve the problem of the different levels of dilution that characterize the inflow water of the different
systems; the land purchase cost was excluded from the analysis, considering the use of public land as shared social services,
and an equal life span for both seminatural and traditional wastewater-treatment plants was set. The results suggest that
seminatural systems are competitive with traditional biotechnological systems, with an average service cost improvement of
2.1-fold to 8-fold, according to the specific solution and discount rate. The main improvement factor was the lower maintenance
cost of the seminatural systems, due to the self-regulating, low artificial energy inputs and the absence of waste to be disposed.
In this work, only the waste-treatment capacity of wetlands was considered as a parameter for the economic competitiveness
analysis. Other goods/services and environmental benefits provided by FWS wetlands were not considered.
相似文献
Daniel FrancoEmail: |
55.
Grisoli P Rodolfi M Chiara T Zonta LA Dacarro C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4171-4180
The proliferation of air-diffused microorganisms inside public buildings such as schools, hospitals, and universities, is often indicated as a possible health risk. In this research, we have illustrated the results of an investigation realized to determine the health of the air in some university classrooms, both from a microbiological and a microclimatic viewpoint, during the normal didactic activity of direct lessons. The results obtained have been expressed by means of contamination indices, already used in previous works. Very little contamination was recorded in the different phases of air treatment, which underlines the efficiency of the system and of the maintenance protocols. The Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC per cubic meter) showed a value greater than the mean during the heating period (290), while the highest values (95th percentile 1,138.45) were recorded in the period using air conditioning. The index of mesophilic bacterial contamination, though it did not show any significant differences in the various modes of air treatment, showed a mean value (1.34) and the 95th percentile value (4.14), which was greater in the air-conditioning phase. Finally, the mean value of the amplification index underlined a decrease in the microbial contamination in comparison to the outside, while showing situations of increased microbial amplification during the period of simple ventilation (95th percentile 4.27). The 95th percentile values found for GICM in the three sampling periods, however, permitted us to identify the value of GIMC per cubic meter equal to 1,000 as a guide to provide a means of self-monitoring the quality of the air inside the classrooms. From a microclimatic viewpoint, two periods of the year manifested discomfort situations: during the heating phase (winter) and during the simple ventilation phase (spring). The results obtained indicate, therefore, a need to intervene on the environmental parameters, not being able, in this particular case, to intervene on other aspects that influence the microclimate. 相似文献
56.
Mihaly Cozmuta A Bretan L Mihaly Cozmuta L Nicula C Peter A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1622-1630
Indirect measures were considered to study the lead transfer along the soil-melliferous flora-bee family-apiary products food chain. The concentrations of total and bioavailable lead in the soil were first investigated. Next, the lead level in different organs of melliferous flora and subsequently in the bee family and apiary products was measured. The results indicate a decrease in contamination as follows: honeybees > drones > propolis > wax > bee larvae > honey > royal jelly. The statistical analysis highlights the "lead pollution bioindicator" role of honeybees, honey and propolis. The risk factor parameter allows the prediction of the most impacted month and the least impacted of the melliferous season. 相似文献
57.
The analysis of three years of 8-h CO concentration values registered in a deep street canyon downtown shows high frequency of values that exceed WHO health protection guidelines. An inverse relationship between opposing percentiles of the distributions of CO concentrations and mean wind speed could be found. Data also showed a variation of mean CO values with prevailing wind direction. The averaged concentration value obtained when the sampler probe is on the leeward side is lower than the obtained when it is on the windward wall. A preliminary explanation of this feature may be related to the advection of polluted air from a high traffic density area nearby. 相似文献
58.
In 1998, the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers underwent an enormous environmental disaster caused by the rupture of the Aznalcóllar
tailings dam and the release of 6 hm3 of pyrite sludge and acidic water. Both rivers run over recent alluvial materials which form a small-sized aquifer which
is however important because underground water feeds the flow of the rivers. This work analyzes the state of groundwater 10 years
after the spill. Before the dam failure, this aquifer was already contaminated in the zone nearest to the mine, to which the
impact of the spill was added. Contamination levels in the alluvial aquifer of the Agrio River have decreased remarkably.
However, they are still important, with acidic pH values and high concentrations of toxic elements (maximum values of 16 mg/L
of Zn and 15 mg/L of Al). There are also important levels of contamination in the Guadiamar alluvial area closest to the mine,
as well as in specific zones located further south. The concentration of toxic elements is mainly controlled by pH. The evolution
of contaminant levels show a sharp decrease after the first years following the spill, followed by a subsequent stabilization.
It is necessary to take measures for the recovery of the aquifer because, otherwise, groundwater will continue contributing
contaminants into the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers. 相似文献
59.
Hugo Ramiro Poma Verónica Beatriz Rajal María Dolores Blanco Fernández Patricia Angélica Barril Miguel Oscar Giordano Gisela Masachessi Laura Cecilia Martínez María Beatriz Isa María Cecilia Freire Gabriela López Riviello Daniel Cisterna Silvia Viviana Nates Viviana Andrea Mbayed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2565-2576
Enteric viruses monitoring in surface waters requires the concentration of viruses before detection assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods in terms of recovery efficiencies of bacteriophage PP7 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, measured by real-time PCR, using it as a viral control process in water analysis. Different nucleic acid extraction methods (silica–guanidinium thiocyanate, a commercial kit (Qiagen Viral RNA Kit) and phenol–chloroform with alcohol precipitation) exhibited very low recovery efficiencies (0.08–4.18 %), being the most efficient the commercial kit used for subsequent experiments. To evaluate the efficiency of three concentration methods, PBS (as model for clean water) and water samples from rivers were seeded to reach high (HC, 106 pfu ml?1) and low concentrations (LC, 104 pfu ml?1) of PP7. Tangential ultrafiltration proved to be more efficient (50.36?±?12.91, 17.21?±?9.22 and 12.58?±?2.35 % for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively) than adsorption–elution with negatively charged membranes (1.00?±?1.34, 2.79?±?2.62 and 0.05?±?0.08 % for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively) and polyethylene glycol precipitation (15.95?±?7.43, 4.01?±?1.12 and 3.91?±?0.54 %, for HC in PBS and two river samples, respectively), being 3.2–50.4 times more efficient than the others for PBS and 2.7–252 times for river samples. Efficiencies also depended on the initial virus concentration and aqueous matrixes composition. In consequence, the incorporation of an internal standard like PP7 along the process is useful as a control of the water concentration procedure, the nucleic acid extraction, the presence of inhibitors and the variability of the recovery among replicas, and for the calculation of the sample limit of detection. Thus, the use of a process control, as presented here, is crucial for the accurate quantification of viral contamination. 相似文献
60.
Laura N. Rigacci Adonis D. N. Giorgi Carolina S. Vilches Natalia Alejandra Ossana Alfredo Salibián 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9161-9168
The lower portion of the Reconquista River is highly polluted. However, little is known about the state of the high and middle basins. The aims of this work were to assess the water quality on the high and middle Reconquista River basins and to determinate if the presence of a reservoir in the river has a positive effect on the water quality. We conducted a seasonal study between August 2009 and November 2010 at the mouth of La Choza, Durazno, and La Horqueta streams at the Roggero reservoir—which receives the water from the former streams—at the origin of the Reconquista River and 17 km downstream from the reservoir. We measured 25 physical and chemical parameters, including six heavy metal concentrations, and performed a multivariate statistical analysis to summarize the information and allow the interpretation of the whole data set. We found that the Durazno and La Horqueta streams had better water quality than La Choza, and the presence of the reservoir contributed to the improvement of the water quality, allowing oxygenation of the water body and processing of organic matter and ammonia. The water quality of the Reconquista River at its origin is good and similar to the reservoir, but a few kilometers downstream, the water quality declines as a consequence of the presence of industries and human settlements. Therefore, the Roggero reservoir produces a significant improvement of water quality of the river, but the discharge of contaminants downstream quickly reverses this effect. 相似文献