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921.
A relationship-oriented culture predominates in the Greater China region, where it is more important than in Western countries. Some characteristics of this culture influence strongly the organizational structure and interactions among members in an organization. This study aimed to explore the possible influence of relationships on safety management in relationship-oriented cultures. We hypothesized that organizational factors (management involvement and harmonious relationships) within a relationship-oriented culture would influence supervisory work (ongoing monitoring and task instructions), the reporting system (selective reporting), and teamwork (team communication and co-ordination) in safety management at a group level, which would in turn influence individual reliance complacency, risk awareness, and practices. We distributed a safety climate questionnaire to the employees of Taiwanese high-risk industries. The results of structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis. This article also discusses the findings and implications for safety improvement in countries with a relationship-oriented culture. 相似文献
922.
Amy Hinsley Anita Kar Yan Wan David Garshelis Michael Hoffmann Sifan Hu Tien Ming Lee Keila Meginnis Brendan Moyle Yingjie Qiu Xiangdong Ruan E. J. Milner-Gulland 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13895
An important rationale for legally farmed and synthetic wildlife products is that they reduce illegal, wild-sourced trade by supplying markets with sustainable alternatives. For this to work, more established illegal-product consumers must switch to legal alternatives than new legal-product consumers switch to illegal wild products. Despite the widespread debate on the magnitude and direction of switching, studies among actual consumers are lacking. We used an anonymous online survey of 1421 traditional Chinese medicine consumers in China to investigate switching among legal farmed, synthetic, and illegal wild bear bile. We examined the past consumption behavior, applied a discrete choice experiment framed within worsening hypothetical disease scenarios, and used latent class models to investigate groups with shared preferences. Bear bile consumers (86% respondents) were wealthier, more likely to have family who consumed bile, and less knowledgeable about bile treatments than nonconsumers. Consumer preferences were heterogenous, but most consumer preferences switched between bile types as disease worsened. We identified five distinct latent classes within our sample: law-abiding consumers (34% respondents), who prefer legal products and were unlikely to switch; two all-natural consumer groups (53%), who dislike synthetics but may switch between farmed and wild; and two nonconsumer groups (12%), who prefer not to buy bile. People with past experience of bile consumption had different preferences than those without. Willingness to switch to wild products was related to believing they were legal, although the likelihood of switching was mediated by preferences for cheaper products sold in legal, familiar places. We found that consumers of wild bile may switch to legal alternatives, given the availability of a range of products, whereas legal-product consumers may switch to illegal products if the barriers to doing so are small. Understanding preferences that promote or impede switching should be a key consideration when attempting to predict consumer behavior in complex wildlife markets. 相似文献
923.
Edward H Owens Gary A Sergy Chantal C Guénette Roger C Prince Kenneth Lee 《Spill Science & Technology Bulletin》2003,8(3):257-272
The Svalbard Shoreline Field Trials quantified the effectiveness of sediment relocation, mixing, bioremediation, bioremediation combined with mixing, and natural attenuation as options for the in situ treatment of oiled mixed-sediment (sand and pebble) shorelines. These treatments were applied to oiled plots located in the upper beach at three experimental sites, each with different sediment character and wave-energy exposure. Systematic monitoring was carried out over a 400-day period to quantify oil removal and to document changes in the physical character of the beach, oil penetration, oil loading, movements of oil to the subtidal environment, biodegradation, toxicity, and to validate oil-mineral aggregate formation.The results of the monitoring confirmed that sediment relocation significantly accelerated the rate of oil removal and reduced oil persistence where oil was stranded on the beach face above the level of normal wave activity. Where the stranded oil was in the zone of wave action, sediment relocation accelerated the short-term (weeks) rate of oil loss from the intertidal sediments.Oil removal rates on a beach treated by mechanical mixing or tilling were not significantly higher than those associated with natural recovery. However there is evidence that mixing/tilling may have enhanced microbial activity for a limited period by increasing the permeability of the sediment.Changes in the chemical composition of the oil demonstrated that biodegradation was significant in this arctic environment and a bioremediation treatment protocol based on nutrient enrichment effectively doubled the rate of biodegradation. However, on an operational scale, the success of this treatment strategy was limited as physical processes were more important in causing oil loss from the beaches than biodegradation, even where this oil loss was stimulated by the bioremediation protocols. 相似文献
924.
925.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Globally, there is rising awareness of the severity of the plastic waste problem, and the implications of plastics accumulation in the environment.... 相似文献
926.
Kim Ye Eun Byun Mi Yeon Lee Kwan-Young Lee Man Sig 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1657-1664
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recovery of Pd from spent catalysts has been gaining attention due to its high economic value and limited availability in nature. To recover... 相似文献
927.
Environmental epidemiology and health risk and impact assessment have long grappled with problems of uncertainty in data and
their relationships. These uncertainties have become more challenging because of the complex, systemic nature of many of the
risks. A clear framework defining and quantifying uncertainty is needed. Three dimensions characterise uncertainty: its nature,
its location and its level. In terms of its nature, uncertainty can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. The former reflects the
effects of complexity, sparseness and nonlinearity; the latter arises through inadequacies in available observational data,
measurement methods, sampling regimes and models. Uncertainty occurs in three locations: conceptualising the problem, analysis
and communicating the results. Most attention has been devoted to characterising and quantifying the analysis—a wide range
of statistical methods has been developed to estimate analytical uncertainties and model their propagation through the analysis.
In complex systemic risks, larger uncertainties may be associated with conceptualisation of the problem and communication
of the analytical results, both of which depend on the perspective and viewpoint of the observer. These imply using more participatory
approaches to investigation, and more qualitative measures of uncertainty, not only to define uncertainty more inclusively
and completely, but also to help those involved better understand the nature of the uncertainties and their practical implications. 相似文献
928.
To aid air quality model development and assess air quality forecasts, the Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) provided
categorical verification metrics for developmental aerosol predictions. The National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC)
generated 48 h (of) gridded hourly developmental predictions for the lower 48 states (CONUS) domain in 12 km horizontal spacing.
The NAQFC uses the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model with EPA’s Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to produce
predictions of ground level aerosol concentrations. We used bilinear interpolation to calculate predicted daily maximum values
at the location of the observation sites. We compared these interpolated predicted values to the observed daily maximum to
produce 2 × 2 contingency tables, with a threshold of 40 μg/m3 during the months of March–August, 2007. The model showed some degree of skill in predicting aerosol exceedances. These results
are preliminary as the NAQFC model for aerosol prediction is in the developmental stage. A more comprehensive performance
evaluation will be accomplished in 2008, when more data become available. Our verification metrics included categorical analyses
for Fraction Correct (FC) or percent correct (FC × 100), Threat Score (TS) or Critical Success Index (CSI), Probability of
Detection (POD), and the False Alarm Rate (FAR), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and mean algebraic error or bias, where bias is
forecast minus observation. Graphic products included weekly statistics for the CONUS displayed in the form of bar charts,
scatterplots, and graphs. In addition, we split the CONUS into six geographic regions and provided regional statistics on
a monthly basis. MDL produced spatial maps of daily 1-h maximum predicted aerosol values overlaid with the corresponding point
observations. MDL also provided spatial maps of the daily maximum of the 24-h running average. We derived the 24-h running
average from the 1-h average predicted aerosol values and observations. 相似文献
929.
Sang-Joon Lee Cheol-Woo Park Jong-Hoon Kang Daichin 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2009,9(6):655-668
Wind-tunnel simulations were employed to evaluate the wind environment around a tested residential area located near industrial
complexes. The scaled-down geomorphological model of the test area was placed in the test section of a boundary layer wind
tunnel. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were made in five vertical planes and one horizontal plane around the
test area for two prevailing wind directions. The results showed that the wind speed decreased in the near surface layer and
the velocity fluctuations increased in the upper region due to the presence of hills and high-rise buildings around the test
area. Regions of flow separation and low-speed flow were found inside the test area for both the wind directions. The result
suggests that the high-rise buildings should be well arranged with respect to the main wind directions to increase the natural
ventilation inside the residential complex at the initial design stage. 相似文献
930.
Byungjin Lee Eun Seo Jo Dong-Wha Park Jinsub Choi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):90