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481.
针对我国生物质气化发电行业的现状,总结诸多风险的影响因素,建立了我国生物质气化发电行业综合风险评价体系。该评价体系主要包括5个一级风险影响因素:市场风险、技术风险、安全风险、管理风险、环境风险,每个一级影响因素包括4个二级风险影响因素。由层次分析法获得各个一级影响因素和二级影响因素的权重值,根据所构建的评价集和评分标准,结合模糊综合评价法对我国生物质气化发电行业现状的综合风险等级做定量定性分析。综合风险评价研究结果表明,生物质气化发电行业处于"较高"的风险等级,与实际情况相符。综合风险评价体系的构建合理,所建立的评价方法以及相应对策分析可为决策者提供参考依据。 相似文献
482.
483.
Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C. 相似文献
484.
Haiting Zhang Huiyu Dong Craig Adams Zhimin Qiang Gang Luan Lei Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(7):116-124
The chemistry associated with the disinfection of aquarium seawater is more complicated than that of freshwater, therefore limited information is available on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in marine aquaria. In this study, the effects of organic precursors, bromide(Br-) and pre-ozonation on the formation and speciation of several typical classes of DBPs, including trihalomethanes(THM4), haloacetic acids(HAAs),iodinated trihalomethanes(I-THMs), and haloacetamides(HAc Ams), were investigated during the chlorination/chloramination of aquarium seawater. Results indicate that with an increase in dissolved organic carbon concentration from 4.5 to 9.4 mg/L, the concentrations of THM4 and HAAs increased by 3.2–7.8 times under chlorination and by 1.1–2.3 times under chloramination. An increase in Br-concentration from 3 to 68 mg/L generally enhanced the formation of THM4, I-THMs and HAc Ams and increased the bromine substitution factors of all studied DBPs as well, whereas it impacted insignificantly on the yield of HAAs. Pre-ozonation with 1 mg/L O3 dose substantially reduced the formation of all studied DBPs in the subsequent chlorination and I-THMs in the subsequent chloramination. Because chloramination produces much lower amounts of DBPs than chlorination, it tends to be more suitable for disinfection of aquarium seawater. 相似文献
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486.
针对云南省内较少关注的水面面积<30km2的小湖泊开展了调查工作,以调查所得的水质数据为基础,采用多因子分析方法和Arc GIS的统计分析方法,对云南省内的20个小湖泊的水质进行综合评价,并以评价结果为基础,结合Arc GIS的统计分析工具,进一步对云南省小湖泊的水质空间分布特征进行探索研究。结果发现,云南湖泊空间分布呈现出相对集中的特征,小湖泊水质状况也呈现集中分布的特点。滇东南片区的湖泊形成一个冷点区域,即滇东南三个湖泊的水质均较差。滇西北的大理和丽江区域形成一个热点区域,以茈碧湖为代表的湖泊水质总体保持较好。 相似文献
487.
目的研制一种容量达到400g-t的复合环境试验模拟离心机,能够实现离心-振动、离心-温度等复合环境模拟试验的开展。方法分解离心机的技术指标,进行总体部件设计、主驱动控制设计以及关键部件设计。系统配置静、动平衡检测装置,同时设计静态平衡调节装置。结果设计的静态平衡调节装置最大能调节6 t负载。系统预留多种复合模拟试验接口,可以实现离心-振动、离心-温度等复合环境模拟试验的开展。结论设计的400g-t综合环境试验离心机达到设计指标,满足工程应用与科学研究需求。 相似文献
488.
详细地介绍了土工离心机不停机状态下进行试验模拟的重要设备——离心机机器人系统。在总结国内外同类设备的基础上,重点针对近年来中国工程物理研究院总体工程所研制的土工离心机多轴机器人系统进行分析。对该类设备结构设计、电气控制系统设计的关键技术问题和难点进行了介绍。目前中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所研制的土工离心机多轴机器人最大加载能力可以达到l扭矩±10 N·m,x,y,z方向加载力分别为±2 500,±2 500,±18 000 N,且具备循环加载能力。随着技术的发展,土工离心机机器人系统将在土工离心模型试验过程中发挥更加重要的作用。 相似文献
489.
490.
Based on the theory of life cycle assessment (LCA), this article analyzes the influence factors on carbon emissions from residential buildings. In the article, the life cycle of residential buildings has been divided into five stages: building materials production period, construction period, operation and maintenance period, demolition period, and solid waste recycle and disposal period. Based on this definition, the authors provide a theoretical model to calculate carbon emissions of residential building life cycle. In particular, the factor of human activities was introduced in the calculation of carbon emissions from the buildings. Furthermore, the authors put forward a model for calculation with the unit of carbon emissions for per-capita living space. 相似文献