A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

国家《大气污染防治行动计划》健康效益评估

为了提高空气质量改善进程,2013 年国家发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》。本文基于空气污染与健康效益评估模型(BenMAP),对人口分布资料、大气污染与人体健康影响的暴露反应关系等进行了本土化修正,采用“支付意愿法”与“疾病成本法”相结合的方法,系统评估了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后,PM_2.5 污染变化引起的环境健康效益。研究结果表明,《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施将在一定程度上降低PM_2.5 环境浓度,改善环境空气质量。如果《大气污染防治行动计划》空气质量目标全面实现,可以避免城镇8.9 万居民的过早死亡,减少12 万人次住院治疗以及941 万人次的门诊和急诊病例,实现的全国健康效益约为867 亿元/ 年,说明了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施的健康有益性。本文对政府部门开展污染损失评估及制定环境健康政策具有重要的参考价值。     

新型复合材料处理氮磷废水的性能研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide，HDTMA）和稀土溶液氯化镧（LaCl₃）对人造沸石进行改性，以增强其对水中氨氮和总磷的同步去除效果.结果表明，HDTMA和LaCl₃可有效负载于人造沸石表面，且在pH为7的条件下，改性沸石对氨氮和总磷的去除率分别由改性前的75%和1%提高到95.67%和91.96%.影响因素的实验表明，改性沸石对不同浓度废水的氨氮和总磷去除率均达到90%以上；氮、磷的去除率随改性沸石投加量的增加而上升；准二级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对氨氮吸附的动力学过程，准一级动力学模型适合描述改性沸石对总磷吸附的动力学过程；吸附等温线说明改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附属于离子交换，对水中磷酸盐的吸附包含离子交换和化学吸附两种过程.此外，通过再生性能、负载强度和离子竞争的试验证明改性沸石能应用于实际生化尾水的氮、磷去除.     

杭州市水源切换对饮用水中DBPs分布影响及其健康风险评价

千岛湖配水工程改善了杭州市的供水水质,水源由钱塘江为主转变为千岛湖外调水源为主.以供水管网末端龙头为调查对象,考察了水源切换前后饮用水中消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)的构成特征,并对DBPs存在水平的致癌和非致癌风险进行了对比分析.结果表明供水管网终端龙头水在水源切换后水质明显...     

镉"加标"沉积物对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)生物毒性研究

选择泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudaus)作为受试生物,以泥鳅死亡率、血液红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞微核率和核异常率作为测试指标,考察了沉积物中"加标"金属镉(Cd)的毒性状况,探讨了水体沉积物中重金属的生物毒性影响.结果表明:高有机质的粘土粉砂性沉积物能够有效吸附重金属镉;镉加标暴露组泥鳅的死...     

工程机械不同工况下PM_(2.5)排放及其碳质组分特征

我国工程机械排放控制起步较晚.为研究实际工况下工程机械的PM2.5排放特性及其碳质组分构成,采用便携式颗粒物稀释采样系统,对3台工程机械(2台挖掘机和1台装载机)在不同典型工况(行驶、作业和怠速)下的PM2.5及其碳质组分〔OC(有机碳)和EC(元素碳)〕的现场排放特征进行了测试.结果表明:沃尔沃挖掘机、山河智能挖掘机的PM2.5排放因子(基于燃油)分别为1.85~3.26和1.56~2.62 g/kg,厦工装载机的PM2.5排放因子为0.98~1.48 g/kg.不同工况对PM2.5排放因子影响较大,怠速工况下PM2.5排放因子是行驶工况下的1.49~1.76倍.工程机械排放的PM2.5中,碳质组分是最主要的成分,其质量分数高达71.0%~84.5%.其中,w(OC)为44.6%~72.0%,在怠速工况下最高;w(EC)则为8.6%~30.9%,在行驶工况下较高.测试工程机械的PM2.5排放水平较高,因此应尽快加强工程机械排放的污染防治.     

企业安全文化在安全管理中的创新实践

辽河油田公司作为油气生产、集输和销售企业,具有高风险的行业特点,始终面临着严峻的安全生产形势。因此,在加强安全管理的同时,积极推进企业安全文化建设,不断提高企业的整体安全素质,对于增强员工安全防范意识,减少安全生产事故,实现企业安全发展具有十分重要的意义。     

两级序批式MBR膜污染特性研究

采用两级SBR与膜法相结合的两级序批式MBR工艺处理生活污水,考察两级序批式运行模式对膜污染特性的影响.对运行111 d后的平板膜污染阻力分布进行了测算,并对两级序批式MBR与连续流单级好氧MBR的平板膜污染速率进行对比试验.结果表明: 两级序批式MBR的平板膜污染阻力以凝胶极化阻力为主,占总阻力的43%,沉积阻力较低,仅占总阻力的10%;与连续流单级好氧MBR相比,两级序批式MBR可以在更高的膜通量下运行,保持更低的膜污染速率,在运行42 d后,过膜流量从100 L/h下降至85 L/h,过膜压差从1.52×10~4 Pa增加至2.22×10~4 Pa;而连续流好氧MBR系统,过膜流量从61 L/h降低至39 L/h,过膜压差却从1.01×10~4 Pa增加至2.63×10~4 Pa.研究表明,两级序批式MBR工艺可以改善膜过滤过程的水力条件,从而有效地减缓浓差极化,降低沉积污染及凝胶层污染,序批式、膜间歇运行与空曝的结合起到了关键性作用.     

罐体车辆道路运输危险品事故特征分析

为系统掌握罐车道路运输危险品事故特征,调查整理了615起危险品罐车道路运输事故.采用统计与对比分析方法,获得危险品罐车道路运输事故发生原因及比例、事故发生的时间及形态分布,并确定了不同事故罐体以及不同道路等级事故的泄漏概率.分析表明,在发生的事故中,人的因素占67%,翻车事故为最主要事故类型,两车追尾事故和低等级公路事故泄漏概率最高,分别为84.52%和82.7%.