无锡市工业废水污染变迁及其解释

运用EKC分析和分解分析方法,拟合了1991年~2005年无锡工业废水污染随经济发展的演变轨迹,并实证解释了轨迹背后的经济原因。EKC分析结果表明,无锡市工业废水排放量的演变轨迹呈U型,但是市区、江阴和宜兴拥有不同的转折点（7 401元,10 059元,4 718元）。分解分析结果表明,工业废水污染排放强度减轻是形成U型轨迹左半部分的主要原因,而经济规模的大幅度扩张则是形成U型轨迹右半部分的主要原因。     

Influence of the inherent properties of drinking water treatment residuals on their phosphorus adsorption capacities

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the phosphorus（P） adsorption and desorption on five drinking water treatment residuals（WTRs） collected from different regions in China. The physical and chemical characteristics of the five WTRs were determined. Combined with rotated principal component analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the inherent properties of the WTRs and their P adsorption capacities. The results showed that the maximum P adsorption capacities of the five WTRs calculated using the Langmuir isotherm ranged from 4.17 to8.20 mg/g at a p H of 7 and further increased with a decrease in p H. The statistical analysis revealed that a factor related to Al and 200 mmol/L oxalate-extractable Al（Alox） accounted for 36.5% of the variations in the P adsorption. A similar portion（28.5%） was attributed to an integrated factor related to the p H, Fe, 200 mmol/L oxalate-extractable Fe（Feox）, surface area and organic matter（OM） of the WTRs. However, factors related to other properties（Ca,P and 5 mmol/L oxalate-extractable Fe and Al） were rejected. In addition, the quantity of P desorption was limited and had a significant negative correlation with the（Feox＋ Alox） of the WTRs（p 〈 0.05）. Overall, WTRs with high contents of Alox, Feoxand OM as well as large surface areas were proposed to be the best choice for P adsorption in practical applications.     

Production of hydrogen and value-added carbon materials by catalytic methane decomposition: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named “hydrogen”, is attracting research interest due to potential applications in fuel cells, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and...     

Carbon dioxide methanation on heterogeneous catalysts: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The Ukraine war has strongly accentuated the ongoing energy and environmental issues, thus requiring a fast development of alternative and more local fuels. For...     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS (Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

Distribution,sources, and ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs in water from a typical coal mining subsidence area in Huainan,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mining subsidence areas are a special and widespread ecosystem in China and many developing countries in the world. However, limited research has...     

隧道开挖地层位移计算方法及工程应用∗

经验方法是计算隧道开挖引起地层位移的重要方法，尤其是当地层的非线性塑性变形显著时，经验方法可更为合理地描述地层的位移分布规律，但是可实现地层竖向位移和水平位移统一计算的方法尚未建立。基于隧道上方土体单元的运动特征，提出了隧道开挖引起的地层位移的经验计算模型，建立了地层水平位移和竖向位移之间的关系。通过分析 25 组现场工程数据，优化了隧道上方地层最大沉降 S_v，max（z）的公式，结合已有的沉降槽宽度系数 i（z）的公式，发展了 Peck‐Mair 公式，实现了隧道上方地层竖向位移场的合理计算。根据地层水平位移和竖向位移之间的关系，基于发展的 Peck‐Mair 公式，推导了地层水平位移的计算公式，实现了地层竖向位移和水平位移的统一计算。在地层水平位移计算公式中，变量 H（z）表示土体运动定向点位置随深度的变化规律，基于工程实测结果提出了一个对数函数实现了 H（z）的定量描述。利用伦敦 HEX 隧道工程中实测的 2 组地层位移数据，验证了所提地层位移计算方法的合理性。最后，将提出的地层位移计算方法应用在北京地铁 12 号线安‐安区间渡线段隧道开挖工程，实现了该工程中隧道开挖引起的地层位移场的反演。     

Advanced catalysts and effect of operating parameters in ethanol dry reforming for hydrogen generation. A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is actually an intense research in ethanol dry reforming because bioethanol and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, can be converted into syngas and,...