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961.
962.
963.
Character (ethos) refers to those interpenetrable habitual qualities within individuals, and applicable to organizations that both constrain and lead them to desire and pursue personal and societal good. In our Incubator article, we undertake two objectives. First, we provide our conceptualization of character; briefly specifying what character is and is not. Second, we introduce several promising directions for organizationally based research on character. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
964.
David P Gilkey Thomas J Keefe Philip L Bigelow Robin E Herron Kirby Duvall Jacob E Hautaluoma John S Rosecrance Richard Sesek 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2007,13(3):305-321
Occupational low back pain (LBP) remains a leading safety and health challenge. This cross-sectional investigation measured the prevalence of LBP in residential carpenters and investigated ergonomic risk factors. Ninety-four carpenters were investigated for LBP presence and associated risk factors. Ten representative job-tasks were evaluated using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and ErgoMaster 2D software to measure elements of posture, stress, and risk. Job-tasks were found to differ significantly for total lumbar compression and shear at peak loading (p < .001), ranging from 2 956 to 8 606 N and 802 to 1 974 N respectively. OWAS indicated that slight risk for injury was found in 10 job-tasks while distinct risk was found in 7 of the 10 job-tasks. Seven of the 10 job-tasks exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) action limit of 3 400 N for low back loading. The point prevalence for LBP was 14% while the annual prevalence was 38%. 相似文献
965.
966.
In order to assess the ecological sustainability of agricultural production systems, there is a need for effective tools. We describe an environmental systems analysis tool called SALSA (Systems Ana/ysis for Sustainable Agriculture). It consists of substance/material flow models in which the simulation results are interpreted with life-cycle assessment methodology. The application of SALSA is demonstrated in a case study in which three different ways of producing pigs are compared with respect to energy input and the environmental impacts of global warming, eutrophication, and acidification. The scenario that combined a low-protein diet without soy meal with an improved manure-management technique with low nitrogen losses was the best for all impact categories studied. The strength of the SALSA models was their capacity to capture consequences of management options that had an influence on several processes on a farm, which enabled the type of complex studies we describe. 相似文献
967.
The paper presents a model for contaminant transport and flux through a consolidating subaqueous sediment and overlying cap. The formulation is based on the effect of consolidation and excess pore pressure dissipation on transient, nonlinear advective component of transport through sediment and the cap. The consolidation is induced by the buoyant weight of the cap when it is placed on the contaminated sediments. One equation is presented for advective-diffusive transport through the sediment that is dependent upon soil/contaminant properties and transient advective velocity, which is calculated from a second equation based on the Terzaghi consolidation theory. A third equation is provided to describe the transport of contaminants in the cap. The parameters, including advective velocity, and boundary conditions used for contaminant transport through the cap are derived from the solution of the first two equations. The finite difference method is used to solve the system of equations for consolidation and contaminant transport. A hypothetical case is analyzed to demonstrate the formulation, and the results show that advection due to consolidation can accelerate breakthrough of contaminant through the cap by orders of magnitude. The derivation and results show that consolidation should be included for cap design, and that reactive caps are essential for delaying and reducing dissolved contaminant flux. 相似文献
968.
Attraction of two lacewing species to volatiles produced by host plants and aphid prey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhu J Obrycki JJ Ochieng SA Baker TC Pickett JA Smiley D 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(6):277-281
It is well documented that host-related odors enable many species of parasitoids and predatory insects to locate their prey and prey habitats. This study reports the first characterization of prey and prey host odor reception in two species of lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Say) and Chrysopa oculata L. 2-Phenylethanol, one of the volatiles emitted from their preys host plants (alfalfa and corn) evoked a significant EAG response from antennae of C. carnea. Traps baited with this compound attracted high numbers of adult C. carnea, which were predominantly females. One of the sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol of an aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) attracted only C. oculata adults. Single sensillum recordings showed that the olfactory neurons of C. carnea responded to both 2-phenylethanol and aphid sex pheromone components, but those of C. oculata only responded to the latter. 相似文献
969.
Janus T Kirkeby Harpa Birgisdottir Trine Lund Hansen Thomas H Christensen Gurbakhash Singh Bhander Michael Hauschild 《Waste management & research》2006,24(1):3-15
A new model has been developed for evaluating the overall resource consumption and environmental impacts of municipal solid waste management systems by the use of life cycle assessment. The model is named EASEWASTE (Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Systems and Technologies) and is able to compare different waste management strategies, waste treatment methods and waste process technologies. The potential environmental impacts can be traced back to the most important processes and waste fractions that contribute to the relevant impacts. A model like EASEWASTE can be used by waste planners to optimize current waste management systems with respect to environmental achievements and by authorities to set guidelines and regulations and to evaluate different strategies for handling of waste. The waste hierarchy has for decades been governing waste management but the ranking of handling approaches may not always be the most environmentally friendly. The EASEWASTE model can identify the most environmentally sustainable solution, which may differ among waste materials and regions and can add valuable information about environmental achievements from each process in a solid waste management system. 相似文献
970.
In this study, we examined the role of organizational level as a moderator of the relationships of procedural and distributive justice with seven employee attitudes and behaviors. Based on social identity and resource allocation theories, we suggested an allocational model of authority in organizations. We posited that lower rank encourages a more process‐oriented perspective that emphasizes procedural concerns while higher rank imbues a more result‐oriented perspective that emphasizes distributive outcomes. We considered the cultural context that characterized work relationships in our sample of respondents from a Chinese state‐owned enterprise. Significant sets of interactions supported the predicted relationships of procedural justice with three outcomes at lower levels and distributive justice with four outcomes at higher levels. Implications and extensions of these findings are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献