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81.
Boyero L Pearson RG Dudgeon D Graça MA Gessner MO Albariño RJ Ferreira V Yule CM Boulton AJ Arunachalam M Callisto M Chauvet E Ramírez A Chará J Moretti MS Gonçalves JF Helson JE Chará-Serna AM Encalada AC Davies JN Lamothe S Cornejo A Li AO Buria LM Villanueva VD Zúñiga MC Pringle CM 《Ecology》2011,92(9):1839-1848
Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We explored global diversity patterns of a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, the detritivore shredders. This was motivated by the fundamental ecological role of shredders as decomposers of leaf litter and by some records pointing to low shredder diversity and abundance in the tropics, which contrasts with diversity patterns of most major taxa for which broad-scale latitudinal patterns haven been examined. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that shredders are more abundant and diverse in temperate than in tropical streams, and that this pattern is related to the higher temperatures and lower availability of high-quality leaf litter in the tropics. Our comprehensive global survey (129 stream sites from 14 regions on six continents) corroborated the expected latitudinal pattern and showed that shredder distribution (abundance, diversity and assemblage composition) was explained by a combination of factors, including water temperature (some taxa were restricted to cool waters) and biogeography (some taxa were more diverse in particular biogeographic realms). In contrast to our hypothesis, shredder diversity was unrelated to leaf toughness, but it was inversely related to litter diversity. Our findings markedly contrast with global trends of diversity for most taxa, and with the general rule of higher consumer diversity at higher levels of resource diversity. Moreover, they highlight the emerging role of temperature in understanding global patterns of diversity, which is of great relevance in the face of projected global warming. 相似文献
82.
Nascimento Leonardo Kuramochi Takeshi Höhne Niklas 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2022,27(6):1-19
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Climate adaptation is seen by many as increasingly important and as deeply political, leading some to argue for its democratization. Social... 相似文献
83.
Márcio A.F. Martins Carolina A. Amaro Leonardo S. Souza Ricardo A. Kalid Asher Kiperstok 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(12):1184-1189
The promotion of a better rational use of water in industry requires an adequate knowledge of aqueous streams inside industrial plants. The main difficulty found in this respect is a lack of accurate measurement of such streams. In order to overcome this difficulty, a water balance tool with data reconciliation is used. This paper presents a method based on the idea that an estimated assumption can be made for any flow rate based on the best available information (quality of information). The quality of information is inversely proportional to the uncertainty of the estimated or measured flow rate and therefore there is a proportionality constant that relates these two. This paper demonstrates that the values of the proportionality constants in the real system are proximally the same for any stream. Furthermore, the proposed method has been applied to real systems with very poor measurement. This method enables the data reconciliation from water balances without data redundancy and without having to ignore flow rates with high levels of uncertainty. 相似文献
84.
85.
Leonardo Gucciardo Anne Uyttebroek Ivo De Wever Marleen Renard Filip Claus Roland Devlieger Liesbeth Lewi Luc De Catte Jan Deprest 《黑龙江环境通报》2011,31(7):678-688
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is one of the most common tumors in newborns with a birth prevalence of up to 1 in 21 700 births. Routine fetal anomaly screening programs allow for prenatal diagnosis in many cases. Fetal ultrasound with Doppler evaluation and more recently magnetic resonance imaging may be used to document the extent of the tumor as well as identifying the population at risk for serious fetal complications. Rapidly growing SCT and highly vascularized tumors are more likely to have hemodynamic repercussions. Fetal hydrops is usually considered as a poor prognostic marker and a potential indicator for fetal intervention. Newborns with SCT require stabilization prior to early surgical resection. In case of malignancy additional chemotherapy may be required. SCT may result in significant morbidity, either directly or as a consequence of surgical therapy. Careful postnatal follow-up is required for timely identification and treatment of complications as well as recurrence. This paper aims to review the perinatal management of this condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
87.
Bordoni Adele Matejkova Zuzana Chimenti Lorenzo Massai Lorenzo Perito Brunella Dapporto Leonardo Turillazzi Stefano 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2019,106(11-12):1-7
The Science of Nature - Orchids attach their pollinaria (cohesive masses of pollen) to specific body parts of flower visitors, but usually not to the hairy and scaly body parts of flower-visiting... 相似文献
88.
Walter A. Salas-Zapata Leonardo A. Rios-Osorio Alba L. Trouchon-Osorio 《Sustainability Science》2013,8(4):607-612
Sustainability science is at an early stage of development. Among many other obstacles, there are two prominent issues hindering its advance. There is both a lack of a set of principles for knowledge construction, and a need to implement research to solve real problems. This paper proposes a typology of scientific reflections for meeting these two challenges and contributing to sustainability science development. This typology is made up of four kinds of reflection: practical, instrumental-methodological, theoretical-conceptual, and onto-epistemological. Each kind of reflection is based on a different type of question and gives shape to its respective type of research. 相似文献
89.
Leonardo?Alberto?Rios?OsorioEmail author Manuel?Ortiz?Lobato Xavier?álvarez?Del?Castillo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2005,7(4):501-518
The paper analyzes the concept of sustainable development in the light of the different interpretations existing on the issue
since its appearance and establishment as an ideal to lead humanity’s line of progress. Within these interpretations, a characteristic
generation of diverse debates can be appreciated, arising from different perspectives, academic as well as ideological, aiming
at describing, clarifying and determining their conceptual reach.
Based on these facts a model of categorization for these debates has developed, a model in which interpretations generated
on the concept of sustainable development were catalogued into four realms: conceptual, contextual, academic and geopolitical.
The configuration of these four areas of debate, as well as the recognition of the diversity of interpretations existing on
sustainable development, is a reflection of the intrinsic complexity of the phenomena, which affect the natural and social
world, both at the local and global level. The analysis of this complexity is based on the subjectivity, which is inherent
to the interpretation of these phenomena, with permanent reference to the cultural context from which the diverse discourses
were structured.
This global perspective on the state-of-the-art controversy concerning the idea of sustainable development as an articulatory
axis reveals the necessity of building epistemological models, which can give a new direction to scientific research. From
these new models, based on the analysis of the holistic character of reality, the subjective and the objective must be integrated
in the generation of knowledge, which contributes usefully to the unceasing reconstruction of our world-(view).
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
90.
José Luis Carballo Enrique Ávila Susana Enríquez Leonardo Camacho 《Marine Biology》2006,148(3):467-478
The mutualistic association between the sponge Haliclona caerulea and the calcareous red macroalga Jania adherens is conspicuous on shallow rocky regions of Mazatlán Bay (eastern tropical Pacific, Mexico). Transplanting experiments were
carried out to examine the morphological responses of the association to an environmental depth gradient. Simultaneously,
we conducted caging experiments to examine the effects of predation (mainly by angelfishes) on association morphology. For
this, we transplanted specimens of the association from a control area at 3 m depth to depths of 1 and 5 m, and measured the
morphological responses in the association (macro- and microstructure) from the three sites before and after 103 days. The
association had the capacity to adjust both macro and micromorphologically, and both external morphology and body structure
changed significantly with depth. The specimens grown at 1 m developed a larger surface area of attachment, higher organic
density and higher inorganic content than the control specimens at 3 m, and the organisms grown at 5 m depth. We also detected
significant differences in the aquiferous system of the sponge, which developed smaller and more numerous oscula at 1 m than
at 5 m depth. These differences seem to be consistent with the wave movement as one of the main regulatory factors of the
morphology of the association. However, the spicules from H. caerulea were most slender in shallow water, which is not consistent with increasing robustness in the face of greater wave force.
The algal skeleton supplied up to 27% of the total inorganic structure of the association; thus, algal contribution significantly
reduces the energy costs of spicule production, specifically under high wave exposure, when H. caerulea requires structural reinforcement relative to organic content. The contribution of the sponge to the association (as ratio
Si to CaCO3) increased significantly from 3 to 5 m (12% in the uncaged specimens and 22% in the caged specimens), showing that the mutualistic
relationship decreases with depth. The production of sponge branches in caged individuals was the most notable difference
from uncaged morphs, which could suggest the effect of predators like angelfishes. However, branches could also be a response
to the reduction in water movement and irradiance inside the cages. Sponges are known to show morphological acclimation in
response to habitat variation, but this is the first study to show it in a sponge living in association with a macroalga. 相似文献