垂直流人工湿地处理稠油废水的实验研究

采用垂直流人工湿地模拟装置对新疆油田外排含盐稠油废水进行了处理。实验表明:对于进水CODCr为402～406mg/L,盐度5701～5712mg/L,石油类40.62mg/L的含盐稠油废水,该系统的出水指标为CODCr35～38mg/L,盐度1535～1542mg/L,湿地系统对CODCr和盐分的去除率达到91%和73%;当水力停留时间为11d以上,出水石油类<5mg/L,处理后出水CODCr、石油类达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。     

水域悬浮固体含量的遥感定量研究

该文提出了反射率与悬浮固体含量之间的理论关系式——负指数关系式,并确定了其与经验公式的关系。理论分析和实际应用的结果表明,该式精度高于原有公式的精度,是目前遥感水中悬浮固体含量的最佳公式。将该式应用于杭州湾水域悬浮固体含量调查中取得了成功。     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.     

水解酸化-两级接触氧化法处理中药废水

采用水解酸化 两级接触氧化法处理中药废水 ,可使出水达到二级排放标准。结合工程实际 ,介绍中药废水处理工程的设计和调试情况。该工艺运行费用低 ,且操作简单 ,易于维护 ,可为类似水质中药厂的污水处理提供参考。     

缙云山马尾松林和柑橘林土壤微生物PLFA沿海拔梯度的变化

土壤微生物群落是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,对环境变化敏感.本文运用磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)研究缙云山马尾松林和柑橘林土壤微生物群落结构沿海拔梯度的变化特征.结果表明,从6个海拔土壤中共检测到48种PLFA,其中i16:0、10Me17:0、10Me18:0 TBSA在6个海拔中含量均最高,且柑橘林土壤PLFA种类和含量明显高于马尾松林.随着海拔升高马尾松林土壤微生物种类和含量逐渐增加,柑橘林则逐渐降低,各海拔间细菌、真菌、放线菌、革兰氏阴性菌(G~-)及革兰氏阳性菌(G~+)含量差异显著.土壤微生物群落多样性研究结果表明,马尾松林低海拔丰富度指数(R),多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)均显著高于高海拔,而柑橘林R在低海拔最高,H'、J则在高海拔最高.不同海拔土壤细菌、放线菌、G~-及G~+与土壤酶和环境因子之间存在相关性,细菌、放线菌、G~-及G~+与脲酶(Ure)、转化酶(Ive)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、林分类型均呈极显著正相关,真菌与Ure、Ive、CAT呈显著正相关;而细菌、真菌、放线菌、G~-及G~+与海拔呈极显著或显著负相关.Ure、Ive、CAT、林分及海拔是影响土壤微生物PLFA变化的重要因子.     

高氮城市生活垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮

采用"两级UASB-缺氧-好氧系统"处理高COD与高NH4 -N的城市生活垃圾渗滤液.180天的试验结果表明:UASB1(一级UASB)与UASB2(二级UASB)最大COD去除速率分别为12.5、8.5 kg·m-3·d-1,UASB1的NOx--N的最大去除速率为3.0 kg·m-3·d-1.系统COD去除率为80%～92%,出水COD为800～1500 mg·L-1.原渗滤液的NH 4-N为1100～2000 mg·L-1,A/O工艺的最大NH4 -N去除速率为0.68kg·m-3·d-1;在17～30℃,通过NO-2-N累积率为90%～99%的短程硝化,NH4 -N的去除率在99%左右,出水NH4 -N小于15 mg·L-1.回流处理水和二沉池回流污泥中的NOx--N分别在UASB1和A/O工艺的缺氧段实现完全反硝化,使系统无机氮TIN去除率达80%～92%.同时高效的反硝化为硝化提供了充足的碱度,使A/O工艺pH大于8.5,维持较高的游离氨浓度,结果表明,高游离氨(FA)是导致短程硝化的主要因素.以pH作为控制参数调控A/O工艺的曝气时间,可以有效的抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的增长,实现种群优化和稳定的短程硝化.     

Submerged vegetation removal promotes shift of dominant phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake

Historical data indicate that the dominance of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake in the 1960 s was characterized by low algal density with dominance of non-toxic group J（Scenedesmus,Pediastrum,etc.）. The removal of submerged plants,which began in the 1970 s,resulted in the expansion of bloom-forming Microcystis（group M）. Laboratory experiments suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa was inclined to grow and develop at elevated temperatures. The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was slower than that of co-cultivated M. aeruginosa in the absence of Ceratophyllum demersum,especially at higher temperatures. The existence of submerged plant C. demersum could inhibit the growth of the harmful algae M. aeruginosa and this inhibitory effect by C. demersum was enhanced with an increase in temperature. Instead,with C. demersum,the growth of S. obliquus was not inhibited,but the co-cultivated M. aeruginosa was eliminated in a short time. Combined with the historical data and laboratory experiments,it was indicated that the submerged plants might play important roles in the dominance of the non-toxic group J in the historical succession. Consequently,the introduction of the submerged plant such as C. demersum might alter the dominant phytoplankton functional groups from M to J and benefit the restoration of the eutrophic lake.     

冷轧浓油废水预处理设施的设计与运行

就宝钢不锈钢有限公司配套建设的冷轧浓油废水处理工程的浓油废水预处理设施的设计与运行进行了介绍和分析,可作为相似工程中的借鉴和参考。     

基于藻类荧光的毒性测试研究进展

毒性测试以微藻细胞为生物敏感元件,以叶绿素荧光变化为响应指标,在监测水体重金属和农药污染方面,具有检出限低、重复性好等优点。然而,实际水环境中藻类生长受众多因素的影响,此法仅能反应各种污染因子的综合毒性。近几年,众多学者致力于提高微藻生物监测的特异性以确定污染物种类,改善微藻固定技术以适应原位监测。文章介绍了基于微藻荧光的毒性测试研究进展,展望了未来的发展趋势。。     

地方政府地震风险预防与应急准备:实践、挑战及对策——基于广东河源市的分析

地震是广东河源市常见的自然灾害,频发的地震和作为城市重大风险源的新丰江水库可能诱发地震的双重影响对河源市地震应急预防准备工作提出严峻挑战,提升河源市政府和相关部门的地震应急能力尤为重要。根据对河源市地震应急预防准备工作现状的实地调研访谈、问卷调查和分析,阐述了河源市在地震应急预防准备工作进行的实践探索、待改善的方面,在借鉴国内外经验基础上,提出了加强和改进河源市地震预防与应急准备工作的对策建议。