低温水解酸化-A~2/O（PACT）-混凝沉淀处理印染废水

低温条件下对水解酸化-A2/O（PACT）-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理印染废水进行了中试研究。考察印染废水中COD和色度去除效果,结果表明：低温对工艺负面影响较大,未加粉末活性炭时好氧段COD和色度的去除率分别为42.6%和58.9%;投加粉末活性炭后,去除率分别达55.8%和65.4%,提高了13.2%和6.5%,显示出低...     

地球化学定量预测法在武夷成矿带铜资源潜力评价中的应用

利用地球化学定量预测理论方法技术,建立了武夷成矿带紫金山铜金矿等7个典型矿床的地质-地球化学找矿模型,圈定了54处AB级预测区,并利用地球化学定量预测法分别估算了每类预测区的铜资源量,为科学评估武夷成矿带的铜矿资源潜力和该成矿带地质矿产勘察工作部署提供地球化学依据。     

Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of cotton straw–derived biochar on soil nitrogen transformation in drip-irrigated cotton field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been widely accepted as a soil amendment to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency, but the effect of biochar on N transformation metabolic...     

用HPLC 分离和鉴定大气中的羰基化合物

大气中的挥发性羰基化合物可以通过2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)原位衍生化而被捕集.采用反相HPLC 可以洗脱和分析这些羰基衍生物.本文采用该方法监测了美国佛蒙特州大气样品中的痕量甲醛、乙醛和丙酮.     

MBBR处理制药废水的试验研究

采用二级移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理呋喃铵盐制药废水。在填充比为40%,总水力停留时间为32h时,COD的去除率为88.6%,TN的去除率为25.7%,第二级反应器对NH3-N的去除率为56.2%。     

基于粒间接触关系的饱和砂土液化特性研究∗

为了研究饱和砂土的液化机理,通过等体积加载的方式建立了循环荷载下饱和砂土动力响应的颗粒流计算模型,研究了饱和砂土在不同围压和加载幅值下的动力响应,探讨了颗粒间力链的发展特性,并从Shannon 熵、Boltzmann 熵以及Clausius 熵的基本关系入手,建立基于粒间接触力链的饱和砂土颗粒熵计算方法,分析了颗粒熵发展特性。结果表明：饱和砂土初始总力链主要受围压的影响,围压越大,初始总力链越多;循环荷载下饱和砂土颗粒间力链总数逐渐降低,且强力链持续向中、弱力链转换;循环荷载下饱和砂土颗粒熵表现出先升高后降低的二阶段特性,围压和加载幅值对颗粒熵峰值无明显影响,各工况的颗粒熵峰值均为0.92;定义颗粒熵峰值为相变颗粒熵,相变颗粒熵时的饱和砂土表现出固液临界态的力学特征,指示了饱和砂土由固态向往返液化状态转变的临界点。     

南盘江流域近30年季节性干旱时空分布特征

根据南盘江流域22个水文站、雨量站31 a（1979~2009年）的逐月降水资料,选用标准化降水指数（SPI）为研究指标,以11~3月为研究时段,统计近30 a来5个月时间尺度的干旱站次,分析南盘江流域季节性干旱特征;以11~3月5个月时间尺度的SPI多年平均值为指标,进行空间插值,分析南盘江流域干旱的空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）从年际上看,SPI总体上30 a来（1980~2009年）呈下降趋势,气象干旱加剧;从年代际上看,1995年以后气象干旱程度有加剧趋势;（2）南盘江流域各个地区都会发生不同程度的气象干旱,旱情总体上由南向北递增,东北部各站点11~3月的降水占全年的比例相对较小,流域内东北部干旱最严重;（3）南盘江流域冬春连旱较严重,应加强水利工程建设,为防旱、抗旱做好相应的准备措施     

Ultrafine particles near a major roadway in Raleigh,North Carolina: Downwind attenuation and correlation with traffic-related pollutants

Ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter < 100 nm) and co-emitted pollutants from traffic are a potential health threat to nearby populations. During summertime in Raleigh, North Carolina, UFPs were simultaneously measured upwind and downwind of a major roadway using a spatial matrix of five portable industrial hygiene samplers (measuring total counts of 20–1000 nm particles). While the upper sampling range of the portable samplers extends past the defined “ultrafine” upper limit (100 nm), the 20–1000 nm number counts had high correlation (Pearson R = 0.7–0.9) with UFPs (10–70 nm) measured by a co-located research-grade analyzer and thus appear to be driven by the ultrafine range. Highest UFP concentrations were observed during weekday morning work commutes, with levels at 20 m downwind from the road nearly fivefold higher than at an upwind station. A strong downwind spatial gradient was observed, linearly approximated over the first 100 m as an 8% drop in UFP counts per 10 m distance. This result agreed well with UFP spatial gradients estimated from past studies (ranging 5–12% drop per 10 m). Linear regression of other vehicle-related air pollutants measured in near real-time (10-min averages) against UFPs yielded moderate to high correlation with benzene (R² = 0.76), toluene (R² = 0.49), carbon monoxide (R² = 0.74), nitric oxide (R² = 0.80), and black carbon (R² = 0.65). Overall, these results support the notion that near-road levels of UFPs are heavily influenced by traffic emissions and correlate with other vehicle-produced pollutants, including certain air toxics.     

China's Total Emission Control Policy:a Critical Review

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission c...     

花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地脱氮性能研究

采用花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地处理生活污水,对其脱氮性能进行研究。结果表明：在HRT＝5 d,对TOC,NH⁺₄-N,NO^-₂-N,NO^-₃-N和TN的去除效果分别达到92％、93％、84％、51％和88％,相应空白湿地的去除率分别为91％、85％、-232％、-203％和66％。大部分TOC在湿地的前端被去除。花叶芦竹可以直接吸收氮素,向湿地输送氧气,通过根系分泌物提供碳源。因此,花叶芦竹人工湿地具有很好的硝化反硝化能力,实现了良好的脱氮性能。