Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and suburban sites of Beijing, China

PAHs in five-stage size segregated aerosol particles were investigated in 2003 at urban and suburban sites of Beijing. The total concentration of 17 PAHs ranged between 0.84 and 152 ng m(-3), with an average of 116 ng m(-3), in urban area were 1.1-6.6 times higher than those measured in suburban area. It suggested a serious pollution level of PAHs in Beijing. PAHs concentrations increased with decreasing the ambient temperature. Approximately 68.4-84.7% of PAHs were adsorbed on particles having aerodynamic diameter 2.0 microm. Nearly bimodal distribution was found for PAHs with two and three rings, more than four rings PAHs, however, followed unimodal distribution. The overall mass median diameter (MMD) for PAHs decreased with increasing molecular weight. Diagnostic ratios and normalized distribution of PAHs indicated that the PAHs in aerosol particles were mainly derived from fossil fuel combustion. Coal combustion for domestic heating was probably major contributor to the higher PAHs loading in winter, whereas PAHs in other seasons displayed characteristic of mixed source of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust. Biomass burning and road dust are minor contributors to the PAHs composition of these aerosol particles. Except for source emission, other factors, such as meteorological condition, photochemical decay, and transportation from source to the receptor site, should to be involved in the generation of the observed patterns.     

2,4-二氯苯酚溶液的挥发性及其处理对策

研究了温度、pH、曝气等因素对2，4-二氯苯酚溶液挥发性的影响。结果表明，高温、低pH及高曝气量可提高2，4-二氯苯酚的挥发程度。研究表明，直接电解法处理此类废水效率较低，针对此情况提出了应注意的事项及基本处理对策。     

难降解废水生物处理中的共代谢作用

综述了共代谢作用的机理、特点及研究现状，展望了共代谢在废水生物处理中的应用前景。     

B—82细菌的筛选及降解甲胺磷的实验研究

从受甲胺磷长期污染的土壤中采取土样，经驯化富集后筛选到一株能高效降解甲胺磷的细菌Ｂ－８２菌株，经初步鉴定，为施氏假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｔｕｔｚｅｒｉ）。菌株Ｂ－８２能以甲胺磷为为施氏假单胞菌氮和磷源进行生长并将其降解为无机磷，此菌能耐受０．５％的甲胺磷。     

影响系数矩阵在河流水质规划中的应用

河流水质规划中常常要用水质数学模型来模拟水体的水质、刻划岸边污染带、对水质进行预测，并结合其它模型对污染物排放进行总量控制，以及对污染方案进行水质验证。由于水质数学模型的单向性（即数据只能从输入流向输出），在实际工作中当需要逆计算时（如计算水环境容量等）往往采取试算法，工作量较大。本文介绍的影响系数矩阵法可以方便快捷地完成上述各项工作。此法在中英国际合作项目“长江、嘉陵江水污染控制规划研究”中已采用，效果较好。     

铝型材挤压模CAD/CAE/CAM系统开发与应用

基于对型材挤压特点的详尽分析 ,提出了铝型材挤压模CAD/CAE/CAM系统功能模型并确定了基于UG和ANSYS平台的系统集成方案 ,对关键软件模块进行二次开发 ,在此基础上对平模挤压折角、槽型材和分流组合模挤压扁管型材进行了分析。     

沈阳市农田土壤农药残留水平

对沈阳市农田（水田、旱田、菜田）土壤中农药残留调查表明，禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、１６０５残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为０．０１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＤＤＴ为０．０３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ；旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β－ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ异构体的残留主要是ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ．     

Greenhouse gas emissions from oilfield-produced water in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from oil and gas systems are an important component of the GHG emission inventory. To assess the carbon emissions from oilfield-produced water under atmospheric conditions correctly, in situ detection and simulation experiments were developed to study the natural release of GHG into the atmosphere in the Shengli Oilfield,the second largest oilfield in China. The results showed that methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were the primary gases released naturally from the oilfield-produced water.The atmospheric temperature and release time played important roles in determining the CH4 and CO2emissions under atmospheric conditions. Higher temperatures enhanced the carbon emissions. The emissions of both CH4 and CO2from oilfield-produced water were highest at 27°C and lowest at 3°C. The bulk of CH4 and CO2was released from the oilfield-produced water during the first release period, 0–2 hr, for each temperature, with a maximum average emission rate of 0.415 g CH4/(m3·hr) and 3.934 g CO2/(m3·hr), respectively. Then the carbon emissions at other time periods gradually decreased with the extension of time. The higher solubility of CO2 in water than CH4 results in a higher emission rate of CH4 than CO2over the same release duration. The simulation proved that oilfield-produced water is one of the potential emission sources that should be given great attention in oil and gas systems.     

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

Experimental design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to optimize the modification of conditions for glass surface grafting with acrylamide(AM) monomer for preparation of a glass fiber reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) composite membrane(GFRP-CM). The factors considered for experimental design were the UV(ultraviolet)-irradiation time, the concentrations of the initiator and solvent, and the kinds and concentrations of the silane coupling agent. The optimum operating conditions determined were UV-irradiation time of 25 min, an initiator concentration of 0–0.25 wt.%,solvent of N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC), and silane coupling agent KH570 with a concentration of 7 wt.%. The obtained optimal parameters were located in the valid region and the experimental confirmation tests conducted showed good accordance between predicted and experimental values. Under these optimal conditions, the water absorption of the grafted modified glass fiber was improved from 13.6% to 23%; the tensile strength was enhanced and the peeling strength of the glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane was improved by 23.7% and 32.6% with an AM concentration at 1 wt.% and 2 wt.%. The surface composition and microstructure of AM grafted glass fiber were studied via several techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The analysis of the EDX and FTIR-ATR results confirmed that the AM was grafted to the glass fiber successfully by detecting and proving the existence of nitrogen atoms in the GFRP-CM.     

火电行业"十三五"主要大气污染物减排潜力情景分析研究

火电行业是总量减排的重点行业,也是主要大气污染物削减量的首要贡献者,其主要大气污染物排放量的削减抵消了其他行业的排放增长,为"十二五"全国减排任务的完成做出了重大贡献.本研究在火电行业主要大气污染物排放控制现状分析的基础上,结合火电行业技术政策措施要求,对火电行业"十三五"新增排放量进行了预测,并设置基于技术可行、排放标准以及超低排放三套减排情景,测算"十三五"减排潜力,评估火电行业"十三五"减排空间,对全国及各省火电行业减排形势提出了相应的意见和建议.