每年的5月31日为"世界无烟日",世界各国——重拳出击严禁烟

为了引起国际社会对烟草危害人类健康的重视,世界卫生组织于1987年11月建议将每年的4月7日定为＂世界无烟日＂,并于1988年开始执行。这一天正好是世界卫生组织成立40周年的纪念日。     

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and ambient temperature: a critical review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented public health, and social and economic challenges. It remains unclear...     

Efficient removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in aqueous solutions using modified water treatment residuals–sodium alginate beads

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A high-performance sorbent, modified water treatment residuals–sodium alginate beads (WTR-SA beads), was prepared through a series of salt and...     

Farmers' willingness to participate in best management practices in Kentucky

This paper investigates farmers' willingness to participate in Best Management Practices (BMPs) through a proposed Water quality trading (WQT) program in Kentucky. This analysis includes two parts: the first part is to investigate the factors influencing farmers' current usage of BMPs; the second part is to estimate farmers' willingness to implement BMPs given different levels of compensation given in a survey. The results show that farmers who participate in the conservation programs are more likely to use BMPs, but these farmers may not accept the offer to implement additional BMPs. Farmers' experiences about BMPs are more likely to persuade them to adopt additional BMPs than the level of compensation. The results find that using riparian buffers, fencing off animals and building up waste storage facilities are responsive to the levels of compensation offered.     

水平衡模型及其在水价政策的应用

基于物质平衡模型,构建了经济系统水平衡模型及部门的水平衡模型,并利用水平衡模型核算A市工业和居民用水、排水的真实状况,评估水价政策的执行效果,以期为我国水价政策的制定、实施和完善提供参考.结果表明,循环用水具有节水和减排的双重效果:工业的用排比和无处理排水量远高于居民,A市工业水用排比是居民的2.9倍,工业无处理排水量是居民的3.6倍;对用水和排水监管不严,导致实际水费收入远低于应征水费收入.在2009年的水价标准下,A市少征收水费11802万元,有效的水价政策必须建立在严格监管的基础之上.     

聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉的设计

利用热裂解法可将废塑料制成液体燃料和化学品,其对保护环境及社会的可持续发展有重要意义。对废塑料的裂解油化现状及热裂解反应做了初步的研究,并确定了一种适合的工艺流程;通过设计计算确定了聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉中影响裂解的主要性能参数,对裂解炉的结构设计过程做了较详细的阐述,为流化床反应器的设计提供参考。     

Effects of vanadate supply on plant growth, Cu accumulation, and antioxidant capacities in Triticum aestivum L.

The effects of normal vanadate (V) supply (40 μM) on copper (Cu) accumulation, plant growth and reduction in Cu toxicity in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated. The results showed Cu accumulation (mg g^?1 dw) in the applied V treatment was about 10.2 % in shoots and 16.7 % in roots higher up on exposure to excess Cu (300 μM) than that observed only in excess Cu plants. Compared with the treatment of the normal concentration used in Hoagland’s culture solution Cu (0.6 μM), excess Cu significantly induced lipid peroxidation indicated by accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA). The seedlings showed apparent symptoms of Cu toxicity and plant growth were significantly inhibited by excess Cu. The applied V significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in roots caused by excess Cu and inhibited the appearance of Cu toxicity symptoms. Moreover, the applied V effectively improved the antioxidant defense system to alleviate the oxidative damage induced by Cu. Although the addition of V could promote superoxide dismutase in both shoots and roots to reduce superoxide radicals, peroxidase and catalase in shoots and ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase in roots were major enzymes to eliminate H₂O₂ in wheat seedlings.     

北京4种阔叶绿篱球的减噪效应及其影响因子

运用AWA6288型多功能声级及TmeRTA音频分析软件等仪器对北京4种常见阔叶绿篱球的减噪功能进行了测定,并对其结构特征进行了定量化统计,以探寻与植物减噪密切相关的影响因子。结果表明：小叶黄杨球（Buxus microphylla）平均相对A声级减噪能力最强,为1．76dB／m;紫叶小檗球（Berberis thunbergii cv．atropurpurea）相对最差,为1．05dB／m。紫叶小檗球与大叶黄杨球（Euonymus japonicus）、小叶黄杨球、金叶女贞球（Ligustrum vicaryi）在平均相对A声级减噪能力、减噪率方面均存在冠著差异。影响单株植物减噪排名前5的相关结构因子分别是树冠体积（0．804）、冠高（0．781）、绿篱高度（0．733）、叶质地（0．690）、平均冠宽（0．679）;叶大小、冠层、叶质地和倾斜状态、叶密度、枝密度5个主因子的累积方差贡献率已达85．233％,在绿化减噪应用中要重点考虑这5个因子。大叶黄杨球平均相对A声级减噪能力随植株大小变化没有显著变化,与树体各结构因子不相关,这可能与研究的样本量较少或者树体结构特征差异不明显有关;影响不同种类植物减噪的相关因子不尽相同。     

砷浓度、形态及碳酸氢盐对蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响

为了探讨超富集植物蜈蚣草在处理高砷地下水方面的可行性,研究了水培条件下砷的浓度、形态和碳酸氢盐(HCO-3)对超富集植物蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响。实验中使用了浓度为0.1～100mg·L-1的As(III)和As(V)溶液。HCO-3处理中,HCO-3浓度范围为0.5～20mmol·L-1,As(III)或As(V)的浓度为5mg·L-1。结果表明,在水培条件下,蜈蚣草具有明显的耐高砷特征。当介质砷含量高达100mg·L-1时,砷的去除率可达到80%,且对As(III)的吸收效率高于As(V)。植物体内砷形态研究表明,蜈蚣草体内2种形态砷的含量与外源砷形态有一定的关系,As(V)处理条件下,植物体中的As(V)比例较As(III)处理高。高浓度的HCO-3(20mmol·L-1)处理对蜈蚣草地上部分生物量没有明显影响,但是抑制了地下部分的生长,并且对砷的吸收表现出明显的抑制作用。     

Adsorption of sulfonamides on lake sediments

Sulfonamides (SAs) are one class of the most widely used antibiotics around the world. Their fate and transport in the aquatic environment is of great concern. In this study, adsorption of four SAs—sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfamethazine (SM2)—in single-solute and multi-solute systems on sediments of Dianchi (DC) Lake and Taihu (TH) Lake, China was investigated with batch experiments. In the single-solute adsorption system, the Langmuir model and the dual-mode model described the adsorption process better than the Freundlich model. Model fitness was better on DC sediment than on TH sediment. The order of adsorption capacity approximately followed a decreasing order of SDM>SD>SM2>SMZ on both sediments, which was likely attributed to the distinctly different water solubility of the four SAs. In the multi-solute system, the order of adsorption capacity was SM2>SDM>SD>SMZ, which was probably related to the compound speciation caused by the pH values of the experimental solution. In the multi-solute system, both competitive and cooperative adsorption played important roles in the adsorption of sulfonamides on sediments.