树脂与活性炭吸附油气的实验研究

吸附剂的性能对油气吸附分离的效果起着决定性的作用。测定了活性炭和吸附树脂在常温下对油气的静态吸附和脱附特性,比较吸附树脂与活性炭的吸附率、解吸率。实验结果表明,吸附树脂吸附率高,解吸容易。测定了活性炭和吸附树脂对油气的吸附穿透曲线和热效应。实验结果表明,吸附树脂的穿透时间长,温升略低,适于油气吸附分离。同时,利用Yoo...     

一株耐铜细菌的鉴定及富集特性的研究

从铜矿污染区的土壤中分离纯化得到一株耐铜菌株USTB-E,最高耐受浓度为560 mg/L,通过形态观察,生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析技术鉴定出此菌株为假单胞菌。该菌的最适生长温度为35℃,pH为6.0,渗透压为0.3%。为了研究该菌耐铜机理,实验对铜离子富集机理进行了动力学研究,研究结果表明,USTB-E菌对...     

炼化企业SO2减排潜力分析

介绍了炼化企业的SO2排放源,建立了自备电厂SO2减排量数学模型,研究了SO2减排量对各影响因素的敏感度,分析了炼化企业SO2减排潜力.自备电厂燃煤锅炉SO2减排措施包括:增设脱硫设施,改进现有脱硫工艺,提高脱硫效率;关停小机组;降低燃料中硫含量.生产过程中催化裂化催化剂再生烟气的脱硫减排措施包括:降低原料硫含量;使用...     

氢自养生物还原去除地下水中对硝基氯苯(p-NCB)的实验研究

采用批式实验讨论了氢自养还原菌在厌氧条件下,利用氢气作为电子供体还原地下水中对硝基氯苯的可行性及其影响因素.结果表明,氢自养菌能利用氢气生物还原对硝基氯苯,并产生中间产物对氯苯胺,继而进一步还原脱氯产生苯胺,该过程可提高对硝基氯苯的可生化性.对硝基氯苯在初始阶段还原速率较快,最高去除速率达到610μg/(L·d),随后...     

H2O2溶液同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

二氧化硫和氮氧化物是电厂产生的主要大气污染物,研究焦点越来越集中在在一个反应器内实现同时脱硫脱硝。实验以H2O溶液作为吸收液,在自制的鼓泡反应器内,对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝的实验研究,实验结果表明：H2O浓度、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度、烟气流量对脱除率影响显著,pH、氧含量对脱硝率影响不大。在整个实验范围内脱硫效率总是保持在98．5％以上,脱硝效率最高达到67．4％。     

环渤海地区的经济增长与工业废气污染问题研究

本文利用1981-2005年环渤海三省二市工业废气排放量、人均实际GDP以及第二产业占GDP的比重、外商直接投资占GDP的比重等两个污染控制变量的年度数据,建立panal data模型,通过实证分析验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线是否存在以及什么因素影响环境库兹涅茨曲线的形状.实证结果表明,环渤海地区工业废气排放量与人均GDP之间呈现整体向上倾斜的倒"N"形的曲线特征,随着经济发展水平的提高、经济规模的扩大和重化工业化进程的推进,环渤海地区的工业废气排放污染呈现出持续恶化的趋势:恶化速度可能存在一个先相对减缓、后加速、然后相对减缓的过程,这不同于传统的环境库兹涅茨饲"U"假说;就目前的经济发展阶段来说,环渤海地区尚未达到环境压力得到改善的转折点:产业结构的转换对工业废气污染产生显著影响;外商直接投资没有显著地加剧环渤海地区的工业废气污染,FDI导致的污染产业国际转移现象没有在这一地区发生;不同省市的个体影响具有一定的差异;工业废气排放量与人均GDP及其二次项、三次项之间存在面板协整关系,实证结果是稳健可信的.     

Topographic Effects on Soil Organic Carbon in Louisiana Watersheds

Terrestrial carbon storage is influenced by a number of environmental factors, among which topographic and geomorphological features are of special significance. This study was designed to examine the relationships of soil organic carbon (SOC) density to various terrain parameters and watershed characteristics across Louisiana, USA. A polygon data set of 484 watersheds and 12 river drainage basins for Louisiana was used to form the landscape units. SOC densities were calculated for each soil map unit using the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. Average drainage densities and average slopes at watershed and basin scales were quantified with the 1:24 K Digital Elevation Models (DEM) data, and the Louisiana hydrographic water features. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine relationships among drainage density, slope, elevation, and SOC. The study found an average watershed drainage density of 1.6 km/km² and an average watershed slope of 2.9 degrees in Louisiana. The results revealed that SOC density at both watershed and basin scales was closely related to drainage density, slope, and elevation. SOC density was positively correlated with watershed drainage density, but negatively correlated with watershed slope gradient and elevation. Regression models were developed for predicting SOC density at watershed and basin scales, obtaining regression coefficients (r ²) ranging from 0.43 to 0.83. The study showed that estimation of SOC at watershed and drainage basin scales combining DEM data can be a feasible approach to improve the understanding of the relationships among SOC, topographic, and geomorphological features.     

新疆油田含聚污水处理技术应用研究

针对新疆油田聚合物驱含油污水特点,在不改变高效水质净化与稳定技术配套污水处理工艺的基础上,形成了一套聚驱产出液的技术。研究确定了"氧化+曝气"的预处理技术结合旋流反应工艺做为含聚污水处理的核心工艺,可实现含聚污水的有效净化,并筛选优化与之配套的化学药剂体系。通过室内大量模拟实验,结果表明:此工艺可达到室内净化后水中悬浮物含量≤15mg/L,含油≤10mg/L。     

大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用探讨

中水回用是企业普遍采用的节水减排方式之一。大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用装置采用目前国内较为先进的工艺,中水主要经过曝气生物滤池、水处理生化系统、臭氧尾气回收处理——预臭氧化系统、二氧化氯发生系统等单元的处理得以回用。装置投用后满负荷生产每年可减排污水约80多万吨,减排COD约80t。文章针对存在的问题进行了分析并提出了对策措施。     

Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production

In many regions of China, very rapid economic growth has been accompanied by air pollution caused by vehicle emissions. In one of these regions, the Pearl River Delta, the variations of ground-level ozone and its precursors were investigated. Overall, the ambient concentrations of NO(2) increased quickly between 1995 and 1996, but then slightly decreased due to stringent nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emission controls. Nonetheless, ambient NO(2) levels in the Pearl River Delta remained high. The regional average concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 290 ppbC in summer and 190 ppbC in autumn. Local emissions and long-distance transportation of pollutants play important roles in the regional distribution of VOCs. Ambient O(3) production is significant in urban areas and also downwind of cities. The relative incremental reactivities (RIRs), determined by an observation-based model, showed that ground-level ozone formation in the Guangzhou urban area is generally limited by the concentrations of VOCs, but there are also measurable impacts of NO(x).