新疆油田气井压井液研究与回收利用

针对新疆克拉美丽气田火山岩气藏固相堵塞、滤液侵入等潜在伤害因素,研制了GCP无固相气井压井液体系。该体系具有无毒、无刺激性、可生物降解、能有效抑制粘土膨胀、低滤失、不与储层中钙、镁等二价离子反应形成无机沉淀以及低腐蚀等特点,可有效保护储层和油、套管。通过循环替液将气井钻井、完井作业使用的泥浆中固相成分和岩屑带出井筒,用过的压井液经过固相清除处理可实现回收再利用,在减少对储层环境污染的同时,降低了压井液使用成本,为在新疆油田公司大规模应用奠定了良好的基础。     

整装沙漠油田废水零排放的研究探索

文章介绍了陆梁油田通过对采出水处理工艺进行优化,并将其应用于油田水处理厂罐内喷淋除气技术等工艺;污水回收工艺作业废液处理采用二段式自然除油沉降原理进行预处理;利用反应吸附技术进行废液二次处理,生活污水一元化处理等工艺,对油田废水进行处理回注。年节约费用671.8万元,实现废水零排放,达到了环境保护和经济效益双赢的目的,为沙漠油田污水处理提供借鉴。     

各类VOCs在蜂窝陶瓷型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的催化燃烧性能

以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为：含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。     

Temporal,spatial characteristics and uncertainty of biogenic VOC emissions in the Pearl River Delta region,China

Using the Global Biosphere Emissions and Interactions System model (GloBEIS), 3 × 3 km gridded and hourly biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were estimated for the year 2006. The study used newly available land cover database, observed meteorological data, and recent measurements of emission rates for tree species in China. The results show that the total BVOC emission in the PRD region in 2006 was 296 kt (2.2 × 10¹¹ gC), of which isoprene contributes about 25% (73 kt, 6.4 × 10¹⁰ gC), monoterpenes about 34% (102 kt, 8.9 × 10¹⁰ gC), and other VOCs (OVOC) about 41% (121 kt, 6.8 × 10¹⁰ gC). BVOC emissions in the PRD region exhibit a marked seasonal pattern with the peak emission in July and the lowest emission in January, and are mainly distributed over the outlying areas of the PRD region, where the economy and land use are less developed. The uncertainties in BVOC emission estimates were quantified using Monte Carlo simulation; the results indicate high uncertainties in isoprene emission estimates, with a relative error of ?82 to +177%, ranging from 12.4 to 186.4 kt; ?41 to +58% uncertainty for monoterpenes emissions, ranging from 67.7 to 181.9 kt; and ?26 to +30% uncertainty in OVOC emissions, ranging from 88.8 to 156.2 kt on the 95% confidence intervals. The key uncertainty sources include emission factors and the model empirical coefficients α, C_T1, C_L, and E_opt for estimating isoprene emission, and emission factors and foliar density for estimating monoterpenes and OVOC emissions. This implies that determining these empirical coefficient values properly and conducting more field measurements of emission rates of tree species are key approaches for reducing uncertainties in BVOC emission estimates. Improving future BVOC emission inventory work in the PRD region requires giving priority to research on shrub land, coniferous forests, and irrigated cropland and pasture.     

常州市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子组成及来源

于2013年3月~2014年4月采集常州市郊区、工业区、居民区和背景点的春季、秋季大气PM_(2.5)样品,用离子色谱法分析其中水溶性离子成分,对其组成、分布特征及来源等进行研究。结果表明:SO_4~(2–)、NO_3~–和NH_4~+是常州市PM_(2.5)中的主要水溶性离子,3种离子在PM_(2.5)中占比为18%~33%。不同功能区之间水溶性离子的占比和差异较小,常州背景点可能受到周边城市污染输送的影响。在PM_(2.5)中,NH_4~+与SO_4~(2–)和NO_3~–主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH_NO_3存在;硫转化率(SOR)和氮转化率(NOR)是衡量二次无机粒子转化的有效手段,常州市各功能区的SOR均大于NOR;春季SOR0.25,NOR0.1,满足发生强烈光化学氧化反应的条件。     

Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter (PM10) and Indoor Dust in a University Building

A study on source apportionment of indoor dust and particulate matter (PM₁₀) composition was conducted in a university building by using chemometrics. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential sources of selected heavy metals and ionic species in PM₁₀ and indoor dust. PM₁₀ samples were collected using a low-volume sampler (LVS) and indoor dust was collected using a soft brush. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals, while the concentration of cations and anions was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and ion chromatography (IC), respectively. The concentration of PM₁₀ recorded in the building throughout the sampling period ranged from 20 ± 10 μgm^?3 to 80 ± 33 μgm^?3. The composition of heavy metals in PM₁₀ and indoor dust were dominated by zinc (Zn), followed by lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). Principle component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that the main sources of pollutants in PM₁₀ came from indoor renovations (73.83%), vehicle emissions (16.38%), earth crust sources (9.68%), and other outdoor sources (0.11%). For indoor dust, the pollutant source was mainly earth crust. This study suggests that chemometrics can be used for forensic investigation to determine the possible sources of indoor contaminants within a public building.     

制糖工业生态化重构--以贵糖集团为例

本文针对我国制糖工业存在的结构性污染、区域性污染等问题 ,按照生态工业理念 ,对广西贵港市制糖工业进行了生态化重构。介绍了贵港国家生态工业 (制糖 )示范园区的建设框架 ,并进行了物流、能流、水流和技术群分析     

超声波诱导降解甲胺磷的研究

本文报道了功率超声诱导化学降解低浓度甲胺磷农药模拟废水的新方法.考察了声强、辐射时间、介质温度、初始pH值、外加Fe2+或H2O2等因素对其超声化学降解的影响.试验结果表明,甲胺磷水溶液的初始浓度为1.0×10-4mol.l-1, pH0为2.5,介质温度30℃,Fe2+加入量为50mg.l-1,溶液中充入氧气饱和,经80W.cm-2功率超声辐射2h,其CODCr平均去除率达99.3%,甲胺磷的平均降解率为99.6%.     

螺孢菌ZG9901的筛选及其产碱性果胶酶发酵条件研究

用筛选培养基从芦苇土壤中筛选到７株碱性果胶酶产生菌株,经初筛选和复筛得到产酶活性较高的一株菌株ＺＧ９９０１,初步鉴定为螺孢菌属Ｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｏｓｐｏｒａ ｓｐｐ．最适摇瓶产酶条件是：果胶２０ｇ／Ｌ,乳糖２０ｇ／Ｌ,蛋白胨３ｇ／Ｌ,酵母膏４ｇ／Ｌ,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４１ｇ／Ｌ,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０４ｇ／Ｌ,ＭｇＣｌ２０．２ｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ９．０,３２℃培养３６ｈ达到产酶高峰。     

海洋苯酚降解菌Candida sp.P5的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从海洋沉积物中分离、筛选到一株能以苯酚作为唯一碳源和能源的酵母菌P5．根据菌落特征、菌体形态、生理生化特性和18SrDNA序列分析，确定菌株P5为假丝酵母菌属（Candicla　sp．）．该菌株最适宜生长和降解苯酚的条件为：温度25℃，pH6．0～7．0，摇床转速100r／min，需氧；菌株P5能在较高浓度的苯酚条件下生长，在72h内可以降解95％以上的苯酚．对苯酚代谢途径和相关酶的研究发现，菌株P5主要在邻苯二酚1，2-双加氧酶作用下通过邻位途径进行苯酚代谢．图7表2参24