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641.
Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying M Hongmei Bu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1754-1763
Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater. 相似文献
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通过对西南某铅锌矿尾矿库周围地下水土壤重金属元素含量的测定,研究、评价该尾矿库及其周围的浅层和深层地下水重金属污染、迁移特征及规律,为该类尾矿库工程设计、地下水预防和防治提供科学依据。结果表明:尾矿库下游的浅层地下水的铅和锌超标,尾矿库上游浅层地下水和尾矿库南、东和西的深层岩溶水各重金属物均达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848—93)III类标准要求。尾矿库周围浅层地下水铅、锌、砷等重金属浓度比同一位置的深层地下水的高。 相似文献
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本文通过分析活性焦烟气脱硫技术的主要原理、工艺流程、主要原料消耗、脱硫副产品综合利用、SO2污染物达标情况,探讨该技术在内蒙古地区大型燃煤电站脱硫工程应用的可行性. 相似文献
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Edward D. Frank Amgad Elgowainy Jeongwoo Han Zhichao Wang 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(1):137-158
Algae biomass is an attractive biofuel feedstock when grown with high productivity on marginal land. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) produces more oil from algae than lipid extraction (LE) does because protein and carbohydrates are converted, in part, to oil. Since nitrogen in the algae biomass is incorporated into the HTL oil, and since lipid extracted algae for generating heat and electricity are not co-produced by HTL, there are questions regarding implications for emissions and energy use. We studied the HTL and LE pathways for renewable diesel (RD) production by modeling all essential operations from nutrient manufacturing through fuel use. Our objective was to identify the key relationships affecting HTL energy consumption and emissions. LE, with identical upstream growth model and consistent hydroprocessing model, served as reference. HTL used 1.8 fold less algae than did LE but required 5.2 times more ammonia when nitrogen incorporated in the HTL oil was treated as lost. HTL RD had life cycle emissions of 31,000 gCO2 equivalent (gCO2e) compared to 21,500 gCO2e for LE based RD per million BTU of RD produced. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increased when yields exceeded 0.4 g HTL oil/g algae because insufficient carbon was left for biogas generation. Key variables in the analysis were the HTL oil yield, the hydrogen demand during upgrading, and the nitrogen content of the HTL oil. Future work requires better data for upgrading renewable oils to RD and requires consideration of nitrogen recycling during upgrading. 相似文献
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建立热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用测定环境空气中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、溴仿等5种挥发性卤代烃的分析方法。该方法在一定浓度范围内工作曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0.9990~0.9998之间,加标回收率在94.0%~106.6%之间,RSD为2.18%-7.62%,检出限为0.22μg/m3~0.30μg/m3。该方法具有操作简单、分析快速、准确度高、灵敏高的特点,用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用测定环境空气中5种挥发性卤代烃,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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