钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用浅析

固体废物做到资源化即通过综合利用,使有利用价值的固体废物变废为宝,实现资源的再循环利用,是固体废物污染控制一直努力方向。钢铁联合企业生产过程中产生的固体废弃物量大、面广,如对其进行资源化利用不仅可获得好的效益,同时也解决了环保难题。通过借鉴国内外钢铁企业固体废弃物资源化利用成功技术,使我们在开展环境影响评价工作中对钢铁企业固废的资源化利用提出一些切实可行的控制措施。     

高温状态下受热时间对膨润土物性指标的影响∗

高温状态下膨润土的物性指标变化是高放核废物深地质处置库设计的重要参数之一。通过高温状态下不同受热时间MX80钠基膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率试验,研究了受热时间对膨润土基本物性指标的影响规律;并通过热重分析(TGA)、X衍射(XDR)、电镜扫描(SEM)试验,从微观角度对上述变化规律进行了合理解释。研究结果表明:随着受热时间的增加,膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率在受热15～30天内急剧下降,降幅分别为2.5%、3.1%和28.3%,之后各值变化量很小;高温状态下,膨润土的矿物成分转化、结合水脱附、微观形貌改变是膨润土物性指标发生变化的根本原因,三者之间相互作用和彼此影响。     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

浅析大沽河流域水质状况及变化趋势

大沽河流域监测数据显示:2012年,大沽河干流水质良好,功能区达标率为100%,多数断面综合污染指数呈丰水期枯水期平水期。大沽河主要支流水质总体为轻度污染,主要污染指标为五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、氟化物,功能区达标率为68.8%,从污染较重河流(桃源河、云溪河、洙河下游)不同水期综合污染指数来看,桃源河和洙河下游呈丰水期﹥平水期﹥枯水期;云溪河由于贯穿胶州城区,受农业面源、降水因素影响较小,呈枯水期﹥丰水期﹥平水期。2006—2012年,大沽河干流水质基本保持稳定,主要支流水质呈改善趋势。     

生活垃圾填埋场项目竣工环保验收应注意的问题

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目竣工环境保护验收制度是环境保护工作的重要制度。垃圾填埋场项目竣工环境保护验收情况是环保部门对改项目运行后进行环境管理的主要依据。根据垃圾填埋场项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和实际工作经验,总结出竣工项目环境保护验收中需要注意的问题,并就问题的原因分析提出注意要点。     

节能降耗技术在污水处理中的应用

通过对污水泵进行变频调速改造及污水处理工艺优化,实现了污水处理的降耗节能。     

光学气体成像技术在泄漏检测与维修中的应用研究

通过介绍光学气体成像技术的原理、泄漏检测与维修关键技术、甲烷气体泄漏检测与识别实验情况,讨论了该技术在石化生产过程中的应用发展趋势。     

A time-compressed simulated geomagnetic storm influences the nest-exiting flight angles of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

Insects have been used as models for understanding animal orientation. It is well accepted that social insects such as honeybees and ants use different natural cues in their orientation mechanism. A magnetic sensitivity was suggested for the stingless bee Schwarziana quadripunctata, based on the observation of a surprising effect of a geomagnetic storm on the nest-exiting flight angles. Stimulated by this result, in this paper, the effects of a time-compressed simulated geomagnetic storm (TC-SGS) on the nest-exiting flight angles of another stingless bee, Tetragonisca angustula, are presented. Under an applied SGS, either on the horizontal or vertical component of the geomagnetic field, both nest-exiting flight angles, dip and azimuth, are statistically different from those under geomagnetic conditions. The angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of whole stingless bees shows the presence of organized magnetic nanoparticles in their bodies, which indicates this material as a possible magnetic detector.     

不同施磷量(KH2PO4)作用对Cu、Zn在红壤中的迁移转化

为了比较不同施磷量对土壤中重金属Cu、Zn迁移转化的影响,采用土壤柱进行室内淋溶实验,研究常见的磷肥磷酸二氢钾在少量5 mg·kg-1,适量15 mg·kg-1以及过量25 mg·kg-1条件下对Cu、Zn在红壤中的淋溶效应.结果表明土壤施用磷酸二氢钾降低了土壤渗滤液的pH,不同施磷量对土壤渗滤液pH影响不大,在整个淋滤过程,渗滤液pH呈现上升的趋势.磷酸盐作用下重金属Cu在土壤中的迁移主要集中表层土壤中,而Zn逐渐向深层土壤中迁移.土壤深层渗滤液中Cu、Zn浓度均比较低,对浅层地下水的危害性不大.淋滤结束后,重金属主要以残渣态存在土壤中,重金属Cu残渣态的比例为60%左右,重金属Zn残渣态比例为40%左右.高浓度磷酸二氢钾作用下有利于重金属Zn从残渣态及有机结合态向交换态转化.     

浅析硫黄生产过程中的风险与对策

分析了硫黄生产过程的危险性,并针对生产过程中高压、有毒、易燃易爆、腐蚀的特点,提出了预防措施。