Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.     

Acoustic detection technology for gas pipeline leakage

Gas leakage from pipeline leads to significant environmental damages and industrial hazards, so small leakage detection for gas pipeline is essential to avoid these serious leakages. However, because of the high frequency component of leakage signal attenuates quickly, traditional detection method which inspects pressure or vibration signal has problem to get effective information from leakage signal. So, a novel detection method based on acoustic wave is proposed. This paper, firstly, researches on the phonation principle of pipeline leakage and the characteristic of sound source, and simulates the leakage acoustic field on the basis of aero acoustics. Secondly, using Wavelet Packet Transform method and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine pattern classification, the laboratory testing for identifying acoustic signal of gas pipeline leakage is presented. Finally, the field application demonstrates that the detection system could identify small gas leakage effectively and avoids false-alarms which caused by running conditions with a good prospect.     

风城超稠油污水处理效果的影响因素与对策

针对风城超稠油污水乳化程度高、成分复杂,泥质含量高的问题,采用“旋流除油＋重力除油＋混凝反应沉降＋压力过滤”工艺,通过对污水物性分析研究,优化自动加药系统、污泥脱水系统运行参数,开展采出水旋流处理试验,大幅度降低污水调储罐来水含油,实现污油减量。研发针对性强的净水型反相破乳剂,筛选适应性好的净水剂,最终形成适合于风城作业区（50℃黏度≤20000mPa·s）的超稠油污水处理技术,实现净化污水含油≤2mg／L、悬浮物≤2mg／L、净化污水处理合格率100％、污水回用率100％的目标。     

油气管道工程施工期职业病危害因素识别与分析

通过现场调查、工程分析,对油气田管道工程施工主要工艺环节、施工期间生产环境和劳动过程中存在的职业病危害因素进行识别,并从工程技术、职业卫生管理、个人防护和应急救援方面提出相应的防护措施,对保护管道施工期间劳动者健康具有重要意义。     

高效絮凝菌的培养条件优化

从呼和浩特市污水处理厂筛选分离了1株高效絮凝剂产生菌YS2,通过培养条件优化试验确定了该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件:碳源为蔗糖、氮源为脲、N/C为2.5∶1、初始pH值为6.0、培养温度为30℃。絮凝试验表明:该菌株产生的生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液有良好的絮凝效果,絮凝率达到95%。絮凝活性分布试验表明其絮凝活性全部存在于离心沉降物中,而上清液没有絮凝活性。16S rDNA测序鉴定其为克雷伯氏菌G。     

活性炭多维电极法处理活性染料模拟废水的机理研究

以活性嫩黄K-4G染料模拟废水为处理对象,探讨了多维电极系统处理活性染料废水时色度、COD降解的效果和机理。结果表明,活性炭多维电极法对染料废水的处理效果优于单纯电解法和单纯活性炭吸附法;氧化和还原作用对染料的色度和COD去除效果相差不大;增大处理系统中溶液的循环流量可显著改善活性炭多维电极系统对COD和色度的去除效果。     

微囊藻毒素合成机理的研究进展

对于MC的研究目前主要集中在毒理学,生态影响,及监测、检测技术等研究领域之中.由于MC产毒藻种类繁多,再加上多达60几种的异构体的存在,每一MC产毒藻类体内其mcy基因并不完全一致,所以对于MC的产毒合成机理研究非常困难.但近几年对MC的产毒合成机理已经有了突破:三种最主要的MC产毒藻的MC合成过程已经被阐明.     

甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物循环特征分析

大气环境中氮,硫污染物的循环,正在自然系统改变。人为活动已明显冲击了氮、硫元素的循环过程,它们可能对生物多样性,局地气侯变暖,土壤,水体,人体健康等逐渐带来严重影响。氮、硫污染物亦是大气酸沉降的主要来源。通过对甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物特征分析,掌握氮、硫污染物动态变化,分析它们在大气湿沉降中的化学变化及污染循环特征,为做好节能减排工作提供理论依据。使氮、硫元素的循环趋于平衡,防止酸沉降在我市发生,进一步提高我市环境空气质量。     

有限空间作业常见错误及纠正措施

总结了有限空间作业过程中常见的错误,并按照HSE管理体系的理念,针对这些错误提出了纠正措施。     

城市间空气污染控制的马氏链模型

根据城市间空气污染物相互扩散和无后效性的特点,应用马尔可夫随机过程理论,先建立各城市污染物浓度状态转移方程,再由城市间污染物浓度状态形成一个吸收链。建立城市间污染物排放控制的马氏链模型。通过模型求解,得出了城市间空气污染物浓度达到国家排放标准的条件,最后应用数值计算软件MAT-LAB,编写了一个城市间空气污染控制的通用程序,它能在保证城市空气质量的前提下,快速准确地计算出控制区内各污染源污染物的最大允许排放量,这对环保部门进行城市空气污染物排放量控制工作具有实际意义。