大城市土地利用优化与抗震防灾规划

随着城市人口的增加和工业化、城镇化水平的提高，导致非农建设用地需求增大，人地矛盾日益突出，盲目增加建设用地需求量，会增大城市的危险性系数。采用地理信息系统技术，在分析北京市地震烈度对土地影响的基础上，对土地利用的数量结构和空间结构进行了优化，以实现对土地资源的合理利用、安全规划和优化配置。     

HP6890色谱柱用于环境空气中微量恶臭硫化物的检测

利用HP6890型气相色谱仪进行环境空气中微量恶臭硫化物分析,实验结果表明:分离效果、峰形都很好,实验采用4种柱箱初始温度及升温程序,分别由初始温度70℃升温至90℃、120℃、130℃及由初始温度150℃,最后升温至190℃,相应分析一个样品的时间依次为:130.515min、63.419min、56.359min及11.116min,样品分析时间大大缩短,可提高分析效率。     

油田废水处理微生物制剂质量的检测

通过不同批次制剂样品对采油废水的CODCr去除率和石油烃降解效果的检测实验,提出了以维多利亚蓝BI来检测油田废水微生物制剂质量的检测方法。实验表明:此方法有效、简便、快速,适用于有关油田废水微生物制剂质量的检测。     

粉煤灰堆放场灰水与基底灰岩的水一岩作用

以焦作市某电厂粉煤版堆放场为研究对象，通过模拟试验，探讨灰场耿水入渗过程中，氟化物及总硬度与基底灰岩发生的水一岩作用。结果表明，在灰水入渗过程中，发生了溶滤及吸附等水一岩作用；灰岩中Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的淋溶，可能会造成地下水硬度超标；吸附作用表明，石袄岩对灰水中氟有一定的吸附能力，吸附达到饱和后，灰场灰水中的氟继续下渗，导致氟对地下水污染。研究表明，该粉煤灰堆放场对焦作市饮用水水源构成了潜在威胁。     

于田绿洲生态脆弱带土地利用/覆被变化的动态变化研究

通过遥感与GIS技术，研究了lOa间于田地区的土地覆盖类型变化，通过对于田绿洲生态脆弱带的预警线提取，分析了该地区的生态脆弱带的开发利用现状，有针对性地提出相应的绿洲生态脆弱带生态环境建设的建议和保护措施。     

石油石化行业环境影响评价技术储备

国家加大了对环境影响评价技术服务机构和专业技术人员的考核与监督以及环境评价审批力度,因而有关服务机构和技术人员在日常工作中必须进行关键技术储备和技术培训。文章阐述了当前环境影响评价的目的、主要内容以及进行环境影响评价必须的技术储备重点。     

安全教育在生产及教学中的重要性

本文通过在生产实践中发现的人的不安全行为及不安全因素，认识到安全教育的重要性，推想到安全教育在教学课程中的设置问题。     

Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments from the East China Sea by ICP-MS with sequential extraction

Twelve elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Cd and Pb) in 24 sediment samples at eight sites (S1-S8) from the East China Sea were analyzed with the BCR sequential extraction (SE) protocol to obtain the metal distribution patterns in this region. The results showed that the heavy metal pollutions in S4 and S8 were more severe than in other sampling sites, especially Cd and Pb pollution. In the top sediments at S4 and S8, both the total contents and the most dangerous non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb were extremely high. More than 90% of the total concentrations of V, Cr, Mo and Sn existed in the residual fraction. Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn mainly (more than 60%) occurred in the residual fraction. While Mn, Pb and Cd dominantly presented in the non-residual fractions in the top sediments. The metal distribution patterns with depth and the correlations between total organic carbon (TOC) and the total Fe-Mn content were also investigated. The results showed that, for most of the elements except Fe, the concentration of elements in fraction A in the top sediments was higher than that in other depth. The similar rule was also found in fraction B but not in fraction C. Besides, the distributions of V, Cd in fraction B and Pb, Cd, Cu in fraction C might be affected by TOC.     

The current situation of solid waste generation and its environmental contamination in China

In China, controlling environmental pollution resulting from solid waste (SW) and hazardous waste (HW) has become one of the most pressing tasks in the field of environmental engineering. It is reported that the annual generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) in China exceeded 0.6 billion tons in the 1990s, and is increasing every year. Although ISW management has been strengthened in recent years, about 40% of SW is put in uncontrolled landfill without appropriate treatment. According to statistics from the national Environmental Protection Agency, the cumulative ISW uncontrolled landfill in China had reached 6.6 billion tons by the end of 1995, occupying around 55 000 hectares of land. Although some major uncontrolled landfills were constructed, nonetheless groundwater contamination resulted from the use of low-standard liners and poor management. Furthermore, about 20 million tons of ISW was discharged into the environment illegally, and a third of this waste was discharged directly into water bodies, making ISW one of the greatest pollution sources for surface water and ground water. Environmental pollution accidents resulting from SW occur about 100 times a year in China, and environmental issues frequently arise because of ISW pollution. The practices of SW management, treatment, and disposal started relatively late in China, and for a long time the management of SW pollution has received little attention compared with water and air pollution management. China faces problems such as the insufficiency of management laws and regulations, insufficient investment, inadequate treatment and disposal technology, and a lack of qualified technicians. At present, most treatment and disposal technology cannot meet the requests for solid waste pollution control. In order to protect, restore, and improve environmental quality in China and to realize sustainable development, the safe management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes is a pressing challenge. In recent years, much attention has been paid to SW management in China, and investment to develop management and treatment technologies has increased. In 1995, the Law for Solid Waste Pollution Protection was issued, and work on solid waste treatment and disposal began to be legally managed. SW treatment and disposal facilities have been constructed, and now operate in some large and medium-sized cities. In particular, rapid improvements have been seen in ISW recycling, collection, and disposal of municipal solid waste and regional HW management. All the figures in this paper are from 1995, and represent the situation in China in that year. Received: April 18, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2000     

基因芯片在环境毒理学研究中的应用进展

基因芯片可以将大量的DNA信息集成到 1cm2 左右的芯片上 ,对生命信息具有大规模平行处理的能力 ,为环境毒理学研究提供了一个理想的平台。基因芯片可以精确地完成污染物对人类基因表达影响的分析 ,并对污染物进行分类与分级 ,筛选毒物靶标和确定毒性机理。本文描述了基因芯片技术、毒理学应用研究现状及应用前景。引用文献 2 9篇。