康菲石油公司火灾爆炸事故的启示——压力管道的安全管理工作要做细、做实

通过对康菲(ConocoPhillips)公司压力管道泄漏爆炸事故的介绍和分析,提出了压力管道安全管理中应注意的细节问题.     

东莞市夏季大气边界层风、温场结构与特征研究

利用2008年5月4-20日东莞市探空观测资料,分析该地区夏季大气边界层内的风场、温度场特征进行研究,结果表明:1)各规定层高度主导风向为WNW,其风向频率值大于15%;2)风速随高度的增加而增大;3)接地逆温大约在20:00左右生成,02:00以后逐渐消失,从06:00到17:00没有观测到接地逆温,一天中接地逆温大约维持12 h左右;4)混合层高度在清晨厚度较薄,午后混合层厚度较厚,有利于污染物的扩散。     

乌梁素海近年黄藻暴发情况、成因及危害性分析

内蒙古乌梁素海已成为我国寒旱区富营养化最为严重的湖泊,本文通过2007-2010年黄藻暴发事件,在大量实测数据和调查数据基础上,对乌梁素海的污染源进行分析。结果表明：污染源主要来自3个方面,分别是农田排水、工业废水和生活污染。本文为乌梁素海源头治理提供了一定的参考依据。     

铬污染对土壤环境质量生物特征指标的影响研究

土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵、代谢熵、土壤酶活性等是表征土壤质量的重要生物学指标,以辽宁省沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区附近土壤为研究对象进行了土壤生物学指标的测定。污染土壤的重金属元素主要是铬,对土壤的脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性具有不同程度的抑制作用,有效铬与微生物量氮、微生物熵均呈显著负相关,而与代谢熵呈显著正相关。     

Impact of waste of COVID-19 protective equipment on the environment,animals and human health: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, protective equipment, such as masks, gloves and shields, has become mandatory to prevent person-to-person...     

Mn3O4/SiO2磁性复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附

先采用化学沉淀/煅烧法制备Mn3O4,再采用水解法制备Mn3O4/SiO2磁性复合材料,并用于对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附.Mn3O4/SiO2的表征结果表明,Mn3O4/SiO2为多孔的核壳结构,BET比表面积达到184.3 m2/g.Mn3O4/SiO2对MB的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程和准二级动力学方程...     

树枝状微纳米银催化剂对甲醛的电化学检测

在Ag(NH3)2+溶液中,在钛基体上电沉积出具有新颖树枝状结构的微纳米银材料,探讨了K+或Ca2+的存在对这种树枝状微纳米银材料的影响.结果表明,在Ca2+存在下形成了尺寸更小的树枝状银(Ag/Ca2+/Ti),研究了这种钛基树枝状微纳米银电极(Ag/Ca2+/Ti)在碱性溶液中对甲醛氧化的电催化活性.循环伏安结果表明,在0.1 mol.L-1NaOH溶液中,甲醛氧化的起始电位为-0.83 V,阳极氧化电流密度随甲醛浓度的增大而明显增加;-0.5 V时的恒电位阶跃研究表明,甲醛浓度和它的稳态氧化电流密度呈现良好的线性关系,甲醛检测灵敏度为1.25 mA.cm-2(mmol.L-1)-1,检测下限18.9μmol.L-1,且乙醛、乙醇和正丁醇的干扰较小.结果表明,电沉积制备的这种细树枝状微纳米银电极(Ag/Ca2+/Ti)对甲醛氧化具有强的电催化活性,且对甲醛检测具有高灵敏度和较好的选择性,有望作为甲醛检测的电化学传感器.     

Chronic exposure effects of copper on growth,metamorphosis and thyroid gland,liver health in Chinese toad,Bufo gargarizans tadpoles

The impact of copper exposure on Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles was investigated in this study. First, the 96h LC50 value of copper was 8.697 μM, by means of a 4 d acute toxicity test. Second, we studied the chronic effects of copper on B. gargarizans tadpoles at control, 0.025, 0.1 and 1.0 μM concentration. Survival, body length, body weight, developmental stage, incidence of metamorphic climax, and size at metamorphic climax were determined. In tadpoles developed to metamorphic climax (stage G42), liver and thyroid gland were assessed histologically. Copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM could inhibit tadpole growth and prolong tadpole metamorphic progress relative to controls. Tadpole size (total length and weight) at stage G42 is also affected in the 0.1 and 1.0 μM treatments. In addition, histological examinations have revealed that 1.0 μM copper could cause significant pathological changes and hepatocytes degeneration in liver. Furthermore, histomorphological measurements indicated that copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM reduced thyroid gland size, diameter and number of follicle. In conclusion, our study suggests that Cu could damage the liver and thyroid gland, so growth and metamorphosis of B. gargarizans tadpoles were inhibited resulted of disrupting liver metabolism and THs homeostasis.     

Effects of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on pyrene and benzo[α]pyrene: bioavailability and degradation in sotil

Effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) on the bioavailability and biodegradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pyrene (PYR) and benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) in spiked soils was investigated in 14-week incubation experiments. To evaluate the effect of HPCD in soils with a different matrix, humic substance (HS) was added into soil samples. A 6-h Tenax TA extraction method was used to evaluate pollutants bioavailability. The biodegraded and extracted fractions were compared to evaluate the impact of HPCD on PAHs biodegradation. Results indicated positive effects of HPCD on fast desorption behaviours of PAHs. The biodegraded fraction was consistent with that of the extracted for PYR. However, in terms of BaP, the results were contrary which suggests that biological factors may be limiting factors for BaP pollution remediation. HS weakened the HPCD solubilisation effect while accelerated the decay of PYR and BaP, also implying that bioavailability was not the sole factor limiting PAH biodegradation. In addition, analysis of microbial communities demonstrated that HPCD inhibited the growth of some soil bacteria while HS promoted the evolution of some soil microorganisms. A limited population of hydrocarbon degrader populations led to observing incomplete PAH biodegradation even in the presence of HPCD.     

氮磷钾对寒害腰果植株恢复生长结果的影响

通过观测不同施肥处理区寒害腰果植株重新开花坐果状况,分析施肥对寒害腰果植株恢复生长的影响,并分析腰果叶片养分含量与结果量之间的关系。结果表明:氮对寒害腰果植株重新开花的花枝数影响最大,钾次之,磷影响最小,随着氮施用量的增加,植株的花枝数逐渐增大;氮是影响寒害腰果植株结果量的主要因素,植株结果量随着氮施用量的增加而增加,磷、钾各处理间的结果量均未达到统计上显著差异;在施氮肥的基础上,配施磷钾肥,可以提高寒害腰果植株结果量,9个施肥处理中以N3P3K2处理的结果量最多。