各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

Study of metabolites from the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments

The PAH metabolites produced during degradation of fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments were analyzed using the on-fiber silylation solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combining with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. Seventeen metabolites at trace levels were identified in different PAH degradation cultures based on the full scan mass spectra. In fluorene degradation cultures, 1-, 2-, 3- and 9-hydroxyfluorene, fluorenone, and phthalic acid were detected. In phenanthrene and pyrene degradation cultures, various common metabolites such as phenanthrene and pyrene dihydrodiols, mono-hydroxy phenanthrene, dihydroxy pyrene, lactone and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, methyl ester, and phthalic acid were found. The detection of various common and novel metabolites demonstrates that SPME combining with GC–MS is a quick and convenient method for identification as well as monitoring the real time changes of metabolite concentrations throughout the degradation processes. The knowledge of PAH metabolic pathways and kinetics within indigenous bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments contributes to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of PAH in real environment.     

Rapid degradation of butachlor in wheat rhizosphere soil

The degradative characteristics of butachlor in non-rhizosphere, wheat rhizosphere, and inoculated rhizosphere soils were measured. The rate constants for the degradation of butachlor in non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere, and inoculated rhizosphere soils were measured to be 0.0385, 0.0902, 0.1091 at 1 mg/kg, 0.0348, 0.0629, 0.2355 at 10 mg/kg, and 0.0299, 0.0386, 0.0642 at 100 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding half-lives for butachlor in the soils were calculated to be 18.0, 7.7, 6.3 days at 1 mg/kg, 19.9, 11.0, 2.9 days at 10 mg/kg, and 23.2, 18.0, 10.8 days at 100 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental results show that the degradation of butachlor can be enhanced greatly in wheat rhizosphere, and especially in the rhizosphere inoculated with the bacterial community designated HD which is capable of degrading butachlor. It could be concluded that rhizosphere soil inoculated with microorganisms-degrading target herbicides is a useful pathway to achieve rapid degradation of the herbicides in soil.     

水源水中摇蚊幼虫的孳生与生态控制

摇蚊幼虫(红虫)在城市供水系统中的出现,成为困扰水厂正常生产运行的又一水处理难题.首先对其生理特性与环境因子之间的关系进行了论述,然后从生态学角度出发,利用生态群落中的食物链关系,分析了富营养化水体中摇蚊幼虫大量孳生的原因.在此基础上提出了利用合理的生物操纵技术,通过鱼类与水生生物间的"下行效应",以达到恢复生态平衡并控制摇蚊幼虫孳生为目的的生态治理方案.     

Abundance and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rearing environments of intensive shrimp aquaculture in South China

Although research regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environments has gained increasing scientific interest, further studies are required to understand the abundances and removal mechanisms of ARGs during the entire rearing period of shrimp aquaculture. Thus, in this study, abundances, distributions and removal rates of ARGs in different environmental compartments of intensive shrimp farms in South China were investigated during the entire rearing period. The results indicated that sul1 and cmlA were the predominant ARGs in the water and sediment samples. Additionally, the total abundance of ARGs was higher in shrimp pond water than in the source water and farm effluent. Moreover, sediment samples indicated significantly higher ARG abundances than water samples from the shrimp ponds (P?<?0.05). Environmental factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of ARGs in shrimp rearing environments. Furthermore, stable ponds aided the removal of ARGs from shrimp pond water. This study accounted for temporal variations in ARG abundances as well as removal of ARGs in different environmental compartments during the entire shrimp rearing period. However, additional research is required to optimize the water treatment process for removal of ARGs from the aquaculture.     

林可霉素制药废水的臭氧氧化处理

考察了臭氧氧化对林可霉素的效价削减效果。在初始抗生素浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹时,林可霉素效价削减50%所需消耗的臭氧量为0.118 mg·mg⁻¹抗生素,降解过程符合一级降解动力学特征。进一步采用林可霉素实际废水考察了污水化学需氧量(COD)和pH对抗生素臭氧氧化处理的影响,发现废水的COD每增加100 mg·L⁻¹,则单位抗生素实现50%削减需要增加的臭氧量约为1.64 mg。碱性条件下,臭氧可催化分解生成羟基自由基等活性基团而加速林可霉素的降解。同时,臭氧氧化后林可霉素生产废水的厌氧可生化性提高了98.51%。研究结果可以为林可霉素生产废水的处理技术选择提供参考。     

Occurrence,sorption, and transformation of free and conjugated natural steroid estrogens in the environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Natural steroid estrogens (NSEs), including free estrogens (FEs) and conjugated estrogens (CEs), are of emerging concern globally among public and...     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

干/湿混法对中温SCR催化剂碱土金属中毒的影响

为探究碱土金属中毒规律以及中毒方法对中毒的影响,采用干混法和湿混法模拟CaO和MgO对商业催化剂的中毒过程。研究中毒后催化剂脱硝特性的改变及差异,并对催化剂中毒前后催化剂物理、化学性能变化进行探究。结果表明：湿混法模拟SCR催化剂中毒后脱硝效率的降低大于干混法;模拟中毒实验应该采用干混法;湿混法对于催化剂比表面积、孔径分布、表面V5+含量以及化学吸附氧的不利影响强于干混法;CaO对催化剂脱硝效率的降低大于MgO。2种中毒方法的对比研究为延长催化剂寿命提供了理论依据。     

给水厂铁铝泥构建过滤柱去除富营养化河水中过量磷

为避免因FAS释放过量有机物和氮而产生的潜在不利影响,分析了以给水厂铁铝泥(FAS)构建过滤柱处理富营养化河水的特征与机制,研究了以厌氧热处理改性后的FAS作为辅助基质(2%)构建过滤柱。结果表明：在对其他性质无影响的情况下,FAS的添加显著提高了过滤柱对水体中磷的去除率,促使出水磷浓度在整个运行期间小于0.01 mg·L-1;被FAS吸附的磷主要以NaOH提取态、HCl可提取态和残渣态存在。高通量测序分析结果表明,FAS的添加促使过滤柱中富集了Rhodoplanes、Sulfuritalea、Nitrospira、Leucobacter、Geobacter、Dechloromonas等有助于生物地球化学循环和复合污染控制的菌群。FAS作为辅助基质构建过滤柱可有效控制富营养化河水中磷污染。