Toxicity of sediment cores from Yangtze River estuary to zebrafish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>) embryos

Toxicity evaluation is an important segment in sediment quality monitoring in order to protect aquatic organisms and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of sediments from three sediment cores in Yangtze River Estuary, China, using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo tests. Fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to both whole sediments and sediment organic extracts prepared from collected sediments, in order to provide a comprehensive and realistic insight into the bioavailable toxicity potential of the sediments. As end points, development parameters (mortality, hatching rate, and abnormality) in the developing embryos were recorded during the 96-h exposure. The results showed that some samples increased mortality, inhibited the hatching of embryos, and induced morphological abnormalities. The embryonic toxicities presented serrated changes and irregular distribution with depth, which may be related to hydrodynamic effect and unstable environmental input. However, lethal and sub-lethal effects were more significant at the sub-surface sediments (10～40 cm), which indicated that the pollution is more serious in recent decades.     

三峡水库135 m蓄水前后水体重金属环境健康风险评价

三峡水库135 m蓄水后,水体中各重金属的单因子污染指数和Nemerow综合污染指数均有不同程度的增大,特别是Pb污染应该引起重视.健康风险评价结果表明,成库前后非致癌有毒化学物质(Hg、Pb和Cu)所引起的健康危害的个人年风险为Pb＞Cu＞Hg,致癌物质对人体健康危害的个人年风险均大于非致癌物.各类污染物所致个人平均健康危害成库前后均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准,为可接受水平.     

超高交联吸附树脂对有机物质甲苯的吸附热力学研究

比较了2种超高交联聚苯乙烯吸附树脂NDa99与ZH-04对甲苯的静态吸附行为.结果表明,在288～293 K和研究的浓度范围内,ZH-04、NDa99对甲苯的吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程.吸附为放热过程,适当降低温度有利于吸附,并计算了甲苯在ZH-04和NDa99树脂上的吸附焓变、自由能变和熵变,对吸附行为进行了合理的解释,为废水处理提供一定的理论依据.     

低C/N比城市污水短程硝化特性及微生物种群分布

以城市污水厂二沉池回流液为接种污泥,研究了低C/N城市污水短程硝化特性及其微生物种群密度分布规律,并对比研究了SBR和SBBR 2种反应器短程硝化特性的差异。结果表明：在温度（30±1）℃、pH=7.9~8.2、DO=1.0 mg·L-1的条件下,通过分段曝气的运行方式、经过29 d的运行,2个反应器均实现了短程硝化的高效启动,NH4+-N转化率稳定在99%,短程硝化率稳定在90%以上;相比于SBR,SBBR更有利于AOB菌种的富集,且SBBR达到亚硝酸盐积累率最大效果的时间快于SBR。利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和克隆测序等分子生物学技术分析得出,在短程硝化稳定运行的SBR系统中,AOB菌种与NOB菌种的占比为2.3：1。     

新生态MnO2吸附剂对酸性媒介染料废水脱色特性研究

本文主要报道了一种用于染料废水处理的新型材料即新生态MnO2 及其对三种酸性媒介染料染色废水的脱色作用及影响脱色效果的主要因素。研究结果表明 ,新生态MnO2 对酸性媒介染料的吸附能力很强 ,当染料浓度为2 0 0mg/L、pH <2时 ,其对酸性媒介黑T、酸性媒介绿G和酸性媒介黄GG的脱色率分别达 98.2 %、94.5 %和 96 .4%。染料吸附效果受体系pH值、MnO2 投加量、吸附时间及温度等因素的影响 ,其中pH值是最主要的影响因素。新生态MnO2 对酸性媒介黄GG的吸附作用符合Langmuir吸附等温式     

Ti-Si-Ox脱硝催化剂载体的组分优化及其性能研究

采用挤出成型法制备系列Ti-Si-Ox复合氧化物催化剂载体,研究了Ti-Si-Ox催化剂载体组分配比、酸量、比表面积与脱硝性能和抗压强度的关系。采用XRD、Raman spectra、N2-BET、Py-IR以及XPS等表征技术对催化剂载体进行表征。结果表明：Ti/Si元素摩尔比为9∶1时Ti0.9Si0.1Ox催化剂载体的轴向抗压强度适中且脱硝催化活性最高;在5 000 h-1空速条件下,催化剂载体最高脱硝活性在400 ℃时达到99.0%且起燃温度降至260 ℃;另外,Ti0.9Si0.1Ox催化剂载体的比表面积为75.4 m2·g-1,介孔最可几分布为8.1 nm,轴向抗压强度为1.4 MPa,符合工业应用条件,即Ti-Si-Ox载体具有较好的工业应用前景。     

TiO2、BiVO4、Cu2O光催化降解低浓度甲醛

比较研究了3种（TiO2,BiVO4,Cu2O）光催化剂对低浓度甲醛的降解过程,拟通过结构分析（晶粒尺寸、比表面积、禁带宽度）和实验评价其性能优劣,优选出光催化性能较好的材料。通过结构分析和降解甲醛实验发现,甲醛初始浓度较低时,BiVO4降解率优于其他,随甲醛浓度增加,催化剂降解率均呈上升趋势,TiO2-1（T-1）、TiO2-2（T-2）降解率增加显著。随环境湿度增大,降解率先上升后下降,BiVO4-1（B-1）、BiVO4-2（B-2）降解率下降的较为缓慢。同一物质当晶粒尺寸越小比表面积越大,其降解率越好。T-2比B-1有更好的稳定性。分析认为在较低甲醛浓度时,决定光催化降解率的主要因素是催化剂的表面反应速率。随着甲醛初始浓度的增加,吸附脱附成为主要限制步骤。随环境湿度增加,甲醛降解率先上升后下降,具有较小比表面积的BiVO4降解甲醛效率下降不显著。连续的工作产生甲醛分解副产物,不易堵塞具有大比表面积的T-2的活性位点,所以T-2有更好的稳定性。     

Effect of pH on phosphine production and the fate of phosphorus during anaerobic process with granular sludge

The effect of pH on phosphine formation during anaerobic cultivation of granular sludge was investigated. The sludge was taken from full-scale anaerobic reactors treating brewery wastewater. Acetate and phosphate were used as the carbon source and phosphorus source respectively. After 10 days cultivation in the dark, results showed that acidic conditions were more favorable for free phosphine production. At pH 5, the optimum concentration 86.42 ng PH3 m-3 of free phosphine was obtained. The level at pH 7 was reduced to 18.53 ng PH3 m-3, about 1/5 of the maximum. The maximum concentration of matrix-bound phosphine of 3.30 ng PH3 kg-1 wet sludge was achieved at pH 6. More than 83% of the total phosphine was matrix-bound phosphine, which accounted for 0.003-0.009 per thousand of the phosphate removal, while free phosphine comprised 0.00002-0.001 per thousand of the phosphate removal. Most of the phosphorus removal from solution was turned into chemical precipitation or was adsorbed by sludge. The mechanism of the phosphate reduction-step in the formation of phosphine production is still unknown. The promotion of phosphine formation by low pH is compatible with an acidic bio-corrosion mechanism of metal particles in the sludge or of metal phosphides which form phosphine at low pH.     

基于溶解氧和缺氧时长调控的间歇曝气策略对短程硝化脱氮工艺的影响

短程硝化的实现可推动能源节约型脱氮工艺的应用。通过阐述间歇曝气策略实现短程硝化的机理,分析了应用间歇曝气策略实例中的运行参数,总结了DO协同缺氧时长分别在单独短程硝化工艺、短程硝化-反硝化(PN/D)工艺以及短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)工艺中的影响效果,如对功能菌活性和系统脱氮效率的影响;提出了以功能菌种、污泥存在形式等影响途径作为依据,基于DO协同缺氧时长的调控策略,并对各脱氮工艺中的运行参数进行优化,以期为各工艺系统实现最佳运行效果提供参考。     

有机污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气的处理技术进展

污染场地原位热脱附过程不可避免地产生尾水尾气,其处理技术普遍存在工艺设计不成熟、污染物脱附规律认识不明晰、二次污染控制措施薄弱等问题,缺乏具有针对性的技术装备研发和应用指导。通过分析污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理技术的应用现状、污染物脱附规律和现有专利情况,总结归纳实际工程应用中应注意的问题,进而提出原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理工艺的设计和设备选型建议,并展望进一步的应用及研究,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热脱附修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。