浅海平台油气火灾事故模拟评估应用

全球海洋油气开发重特大火灾事故频发,油气生产安全面临严峻挑战,以我国浅海某中心平台组为研究对象,对可能发生的三相分离器喷射火火灾、管线交叉处喷射火火灾、生产平台池火火灾以及储罐平台池火火灾,采用FDS软件建立该平台组的火灾动力学模型,对油气泄漏后火灾的发展态势、火场温度、热辐射强度、设备温度以及不同火灾工况的对比分析,研究火灾发生后对人员伤害,以及平台上油气管线、分离器、油气储罐、平台栈桥等重要设备安全性的影响,并提出操作人员和重要设备的安全距离。针对火灾事故风险控制提出建议措施,对海上火灾风险分析未来研究方向进行阐述。     

沙特阿美石油公司HSE管理典型做法及启示

从安全文化建设、作业许可管理、安全教育培训、分承包商管理等4个方面简要介绍沙特阿美石油公司在HSE管理方面的典型做法,对我国石油化工工程建设企业提高HSE管理水平提供有益指导和借鉴。     

水华束丝藻对汞的吸附-解吸特征

通过室内模拟实验,探究不同丰度的活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的吸附动力学特征和等温吸附模型以及解吸特征。结果表明,水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺有较好的吸附效果,能在短时间内吸附大量Hg²⁺,120 min左右达到吸附平衡,且活藻对Hg²⁺的吸附效果比死藻好;活藻和死藻吸附Hg²⁺的动力学过程符合准一级、准二级动力学模型,且准二级动力学模型拟合效果更好;活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的吸附分别符合Langmuir模型、D-R模型,最大吸附量分别为2.07×10^-2 ng/（10⁶ cells）、3.56×10^-2 ng/（10⁶ cells）;水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的单位吸附量随着藻丰度的增加而减少,吸附总量随着藻丰度的增加而增加。反应初期（0～5 min）,活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺进行生物吸附,吸附速度快且效率高;随后活藻依靠新陈代谢将Hg²⁺转移至细胞内进行生物富集,因而活藻的单位吸附量高于死藻。活藻和死藻对Hg²⁺的解吸量随藻丰度的增加而增加,且死藻变化更明显。     

基于可解释性机器学习的城市O3驱动因素挖掘

受前体物排放和气象条件等因素共同驱动,大气臭氧(O₃)已成为影响城市夏季环境空气质量的主要污染物.目前物理化学机制驱动的演绎模型在进行O₃污染解析时需要的模型参数众多,运算时效性较差;数据驱动的归纳模型运算效率高,但存在可解释性差等问题.通过建立可解释性数据驱动的Correlation-ML-SHAP模型,Correlation模块挖掘O₃浓度关联影响因素,机器学习ML模块耦合可解释性SHAP模块计算各驱动因素对O₃浓度的影响贡献,实现对驱动因素的定量解析,并以晋城市2021年夏季O₃污染过程为例开展应用研究.结果表明,Correlation-ML-SHAP模型能够挖掘并利用强驱动因素模拟O₃浓度和量化影响贡献,其中ML模块采用XGBoost模型模拟准确度最佳. 2021年夏季晋城市O₃污染强驱动因素为：气温、日照强度、湿度和前体物排放水平,贡献权重为：32.1%、 21.3%、 16.5%和15.6%,其中气温、日照强度和前体物排放...     

Multiple mate choice criteria and the importance of age for male mating success in the microhylid frog, Cophixalus ornatus

We examined multiple mate choice criteria in Cophixalus ornatus, a terrestrial breeding, microhylid frog. Mate choice consisted of three stages: mate attraction (male calling), courtship (male behavior between the call site and the nest), and nest site selection by the female. For male C. ornatus, the possession of a call with low dominant frequency relative to calling neighbors increased the probability that they would attract females. Dominant frequency was negatively correlated with age independent of male mass and snout vent length. When escorting the female from the call site to their nest, males traveled along more convoluted paths than when returning to the nest alone. The convolution of the path was, therefore, considered an aspect of courtship. Females released eggs into nests with structural characteristics typical of nests constructed by older males. Thus, females increased their chances of locating an acceptable nest by preferentially approaching males with lower dominant frequencies. This study is the first to demonstrate that age, independent of mass or snout-vent length, can influence call characteristics in anurans, and it is also the first to demonstrate the importance of male age to female mate choice in an amphibian.     

Rubisco of Dunaliella tertiolecta is redistributed between the pyrenoid and the stroma as a light /shade response

 We used an immunofluorescence technique to investigate the effects of varying light regimes on ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in individual cells of the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher. These studies were carried out between September 1995 and February 1996. The population was heterogeneous with respect to Rubisco localization in the pyrenoid, i.e. in some cells Rubisco staining was highly concentrated in the pyrenoid while in others it was evenly distributed throughout the chloroplast stroma. When light intensity was varied sevenfold, the fraction of the cell population that displayed distinct Rubisco staining in the pyrenoid (PR-index) was correlated with light intensity, although the average Rubisco abundance per cell or per total cellular protein appeared fairly constant. In darkness, or when treated with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), the PR-index decreased markedly during the first 4 and 3 h, respectively, and then remained at low levels, while the cell division cycle progression remained unaffected. We conclude that D. tertiolecta probably possesses an adaptive mechanism, i.e. the redistribution of Rubisco between the pyrenoid (probably the active site of Rubisco activation and CO₂ fixation) and the stroma (probably a reservoir of deactivated Rubisco that is readily available for transport to the pyrenoid and activation), to respond to variations in irradiance or photosynthetic inhibition. Our results also suggest that this mechanism is insensitive to slight variations in growth irradiance and to seasonal changes in photoperiod and temperature. Received: 19 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 September 1996