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431.
432.
三峡工程蓄水运用期库区干流水质分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
分析了三峡库区蓄水前后(1998~2009年)干流水质的变化及原因。结果表明,同蓄水前相比,蓄水后库区干流水质变好,库区干流断面月度达标率均值由蓄水前的623%变为蓄水后的783%,库区干流超标污染物主要为高锰酸盐指数、总磷、铅等。蓄水后水质时空分布出现新的特点,近坝水体悬浮物、浑样高锰酸盐指数、总磷、铅等可吸附污染物浓度显著降低。蓄水后年内悬浮物及浑样高锰酸盐指数、总磷和铅浓度仍然是丰水期>平、枯水期,但近坝水体不同水期间浓度差别比蓄水前明显减小。蓄水后,库区干流浑样高锰酸盐指数、总磷、铅浓度整体上表现为从库尾至库首沿程下降,尤以丰水期沿程下降最为突出。浑样高锰酸盐指数、总磷、铅浓度以上变化特征主要缘于库区水位抬高后,流速减小导致的澄清作用,即高锰酸盐指数所代表污染物、磷、铅等随泥沙发生了不同程度的沉降。蓄水前后清样高锰酸盐指数和总磷未发生明显变化,156 m蓄水后至今,清样铅浓度明显低于蓄水前。 相似文献
433.
Zhuoyu Li Guangzhao Xie Hui Chen Bixin Zhan Lin Wang Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Jianmin Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):221-232
As a secondary pollutant of photochemical pollution, peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) has attracted a close attention. A four-month campaign was conducted at a rural site in North China Plain(NCP) including the measurement of PAN, O3, NOx, PM2.5, oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs), photolysis rate constants of NO2 and O3 and meteorological parameters to investigate the wintertime characterization of photochemistry from November 2018 to Fe... 相似文献
434.
Although marine and terrestrial emissions simultaneously affect the formation of atmospheric fine particles in coastal areas, knowledge on the optical properties and sources of water-soluble matter in these areas is still scarce. In this work, taking Qingdao, China as a typical coastal location, the chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter 2019 was analyzed.Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was combined with parallel factor analysis model to explain the component... 相似文献
435.
Robert Liu R.S. Shieh Ruth Y.L. Yeh C.H. Lin 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(11):2842-2845
The traditional burning process is used to recover copper from scrapped PC board (printed circuit board) but it causes serious environmental problems. In this research a new process was developed which not only prevents pollution problems, but also maximizes the utility of all the materials on the waste board. First, the scrapped PC board was crushed and grounded, then placed in the NH3/NH5CO3 solution with aeration in order to dissolve copper. After distilling the copper NH3/NH5CO3 solution and then heating the distilled residue of copper carbonate, pure copper oxide was obtained with particle size of about 0.2 μm and the shape elliptical. The remaining solid residue after copper removal was then leached with 6 N hydrochloric acid to remove tin and lead. The last residue was used as a filler in PVC plastics. The PVC plastics with PC board powder as filling material was found to have the same tensile strength as unfilled plastics, but had higher elastic modulus, higher abrasion resistance, and was cheaper. 相似文献
436.
Yu-Hsiang Cheng Ben-Tzung Shiu Meng-Hsien Lin Jhih-Wei Yan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1537-1545
Information on the relationship between black carbon (BC) and particle number levels in urban areas is limited. Therefore, investigating the relationship between BC and particle number levels in different particle size ranges at an urban area is worthwhile. This study used an aethalometer and scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the levels of BC and particle number simultaneously at an urban roadside in Taipei City. Measurement results show that hourly BC levels are 0.62–8.80 μg m?3 (mean?=?3.50 μg m?3) and hourly particle number levels are 4.21?×?103–4.64?×?104 particles cm?3 (mean?=?2.00?×?104 particles cm?3) in Taipei urban area. The BC and particle number levels peak during morning (7:00–9:00) and evening (16:00–18:00) rush hours on weekdays. Low BC and particle number levels exist in the early morning hours. Time variations in BC levels are the same as those of particle number levels in this study, clearly indicating that BC and particles are likely released from the same emission source. Additionally, BC levels in the urban area are more strongly associated with ultrafine particle levels than with total particle number levels, particularly in the size range of 56–180 nm. According to measurement results, most BC in aerosols in urban areas can be in the ultrafine size range. 相似文献
437.
In this study, co-composting of food waste and green waste at low initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios was investigated using an in-vessel lab-scale composting reactor. The central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) were applied to obtain the optimal operating conditions over a range of preselected moisture contents (45–75%) and C/N ratios (13.9–19.6). The results indicate that the optimal moisture content for co-composting of food waste and green waste is 60%, and the substrate at a C/N ratio of 19.6 can be decomposed effectively to reduce 33% of total volatile solids (TVS) in 12 days. The TVS reduction can be modeled by using a second-order equation with a good fit. In addition, the compost passes the standard germination index of white radish seed indicating that it can be used as soil amendment. 相似文献
438.
This paper offers the first study of diurnal variations in the use of an estuarine habitat by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Passive acoustic data loggers were deployed in the Xin Huwei River Estuary, Western Taiwan, from July 2009 to December 2010, to collect biosonar clicks. Acoustic encounter rates of humpback dolphins on the riverside of the estuary changed significantly over the four tidal phases, instead of the two diurnal phases based on the recordings from 268 days. Among the tidal phases, the encounter rates were lowest during ebb tides. Additionally, circling movements associated with the hunt for epipelagic fish significantly changed in temporal and spatial presence over the four tidal phases, matching the overall pattern of encounter rate changes in the focal estuary. Our findings suggest that the occurrence pattern and habitat utilization of humpback dolphins are likely to be influenced by the tidal-driven activity of their epipelagic prey. 相似文献
439.
景观病理学在开展病原扩散、病害发生及其严重程度方面以其全新的视角,为森林病害的区域控制提供了新的研究技术及理论支持。首次利用景观病理学原理和方法对河南省清丰县一个中型景观下杨树人工林干部病害发生特征开展了研究,目的是解析在大尺度下斑块类型和地理特征对杨树人工林病害发生的影响。在100 km2的调查区域,以种植方式和林分类型划分斑块类型,分析显示发病株率在不同斑块间差异显著:农田间作斑块的林木发病株率显著低于孤立斑块、纯林斑块、混交林等斑块的发病株率;但发病株率在孤立斑块、纯林斑块及混交林等斑块间无显著差异。抚育管理措施对预防和减轻杨树人工林干部病害的发生起到关键左右:精细管理林分(有修枝、施肥和锄草)的林木发病株率(p=0.001)和发病指数(p〈0.001)均显著低于粗放管理林分(无修枝、无施肥和锄草等)。人类活动,如无序修剪和放牧很可能是造成村落附近林分发病率显著高于其他地点林分的主要原因。采用logistic回归,以品种编号、树龄、树高、林分密度、林分郁闭度、林分类型、斑块类型、地理特征,等为自变量建立病害发生预测模型。方程拟合达到极显著水平(Wald=71.248,p〈0.001)。方程总的预测正确率为68.2%,发病的预测正确率为79.8%。 相似文献
440.
CASS工艺脱氮影响因素分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对CASS工艺脱氮的效果不够理想、效率不高、出水不够稳定的现象,对脱氮的主要影响因素曝气时间、DO、温度、λ进行了生产性试验研究,分析结果表明,曝气时间3h,D02.5mg/L是本污水厂最合理的参数控制值,曝气时间3h时NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为89.7%和59.7%,D02.5mg/L时NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为94.5%和71.3%,脱氮效果良好;温度对脱氮的效果有很明显的影响,春季的脱氮效果明显好于冬季;脱氮效果随冲水比的增高而降低,但出水均达标说明CASS工艺有良好的抗冲击负荷的能力。 相似文献