长江上游径流量变化及其与影响因子关系分析

利用长江上游直门达水文站1963～2001年径流量及同期该流域气象资料,分析了长江上游径流量变化规律及其影响因子。研究表明:近40年来长江上游径流量呈减少趋势,其中以秋季径流量减少最为明显;长江上游流域夏季降水量减少、年平均气温升高和蒸发增大引起的气候干旱化趋势是造成径流量减少的主要原因,其中降水量是影响径流量的最主要因子;夏季降水量的减少与秋季径流量的减少关系密切,而秋季径流量的减少最终影响到了年径流量的减少。     

Robust magnetic laccase-mimicking nanozyme for oxidizing o-phenylenediamine and removing phenolic pollutants

In this study, we report a novel magnetic biomimetic nanozyme(Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP(guanosine5′-monophosphate)) with high laccase-like activity, which could oxidize toxic ophenylenediamine(OPD) and remove phenolic compounds.The magnetic laccase-like nanozyme was readily obtained via complexed Cu~(2+)and GMP that grew on the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles.The prepared Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP catalyst could be magnetically recycled for at least five cycles while still retaining above 70% activity.As a laccase mimic,Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had more activity and robust stability than natural laccase for the oxidization of OPD.Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP retained about 90% residual activity at 90℃ and showed little change at pH 3–9, and the nanozyme kept its excellent activity after long-term storage.Meanwhile, Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had better activity for removing phenolic compounds, and the removal of naphthol was more than 95%.Consequently, the proposed Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP nanozyme shows potential for use as a robust catalyst for applications in environmental remediation.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

操作条件对UF&RO工艺制取纯水效率的影响

采用UF＆RO膜组合工艺制取纯水,考察各项操作条件对系统效率的影响.结果表明,自来水经UF＆RO膜组合工艺装置的出水满足试验纯水水质要求.对于UF系统,冲洗频率、过滤方式和操作压力均影响系统的制水效率.冲洗频率越大,制水效率越高;各种过滤方式中,死端过滤效率最高;在一定范围内,操作压力升高,制水效率反而下降.对于RO系统,应根据出水水质要求,选择合适的回收率和操作压力.     

Bird species migration ratio in East Asia, Australia, and surrounding islands

Bird migration and its relationship with the contemporary environment have attracted long-term discussion. We calculated the avian migration ratio (the proportion of breeding species that migrate) in the areas from 70°E to 180°E and examined its relationship with the annual ranges of ambient temperature, primary productivity (estimated by the Enhanced Vegetation Index), and precipitation, along with island isolation and elevational range. The avian migration ratio increased with increasing latitude in general but varied greatly between the two hemispheres. Additionally, it showed minimal differences between continents and islands. Our analyses revealed that the seasonality of ambient temperature, which represents the energy expenditure of birds, is the dominant factor in determining bird species migration. Seasonality in primary productivity and other environmental factors play an indirect or limited role in bird species migration. The lower avian migration ratio in the Southern Hemisphere can be attributed to its paleogeographical isolation, stable paleoclimate, and warm contemporary environment. Under current trends of global warming, our findings should lead to further studies of the impact of warming on bird migration.     

低温下氨氮对淡水浮游藻生长及群落结构影响的生态模拟研究

为了探讨春季藻类快速生长的机制,研究较低温度下氨氮对淡水浮游藻类生长及群落结构变化的影响,对南开大学新开湖水体藻类进行了室内生态模拟试验研究.在10℃、125μmol·m·s-1光强条件下,培养液中氨氮最终浓度设置为1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0mg·L-1和对照组(不添加氨氮),每隔1～2天加入氨氮至初始设定值,培养时间为26d.结果表明,浮游藻类在1.0mg·L-1组生长最好,最大生长密度为1.53×105cells·L-1,高于对照组;浮游藻类在高于2.0mg·L-1处理组中生长明显受到抑制,抑制作用随着氨氮浓度的增大而增大,其中3.0mg·L-1处理组的最大生物量仅为5.4×104cells·L-1.随着培养时间的进行硅藻逐渐取代绿藻而成为绝对优势藻,随着藻类的生长,粗刺四刺藻(Treubaria crassispina)在所有处理组中由优势种而逐渐消失,近缘针杆藻(Saffinis affinis)和新月藻(Closterium lunula)在培养后期逐渐成为优势种,但在不同氨氮浓度下表现出不同生长密度.除1.0mg·L-1处理组外,其它处理组中的物种多样性指数差异不显著(p>0.05).氨氮影响浮游藻类的生长,影响优势种的变化,并且对浮游藻类的群落结构变化有一定的影响.     

脂多糖诱发生物体内合成NO_2~－和胺类化合物的研究

脂多糖诱发生物体内合成ＮＯ_２~－和胺类化合物的研究宋秀贤，赵海涛，金秀兰许后效，林继红，陆德培（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京，１０００８５）关键词亚硝酸根；胺类化合物；生物合成；脂多糖．一些研究已经证明Ｎ－亚硝基化合物（ＮＯＣ）对动物存在致癌性￣...     

游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响

采用同位素示踪法，分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp-)对富集^32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystis aeruginosa)中磷释放的影响．研究结果表明：在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期．游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中^32P的释放，而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响；在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期，假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内^32P的释放，同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡．假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌^32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的．假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定，假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加，而体内^32P浓度在开始阶段很低．直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定。     

氯化处理船舶压载水对外来生物存活的影响

初步研究了氯化处理船舶压载水对外业生物存活的影响。结果表明，氯化自理对杀灭中的细菌最为有效；对单细胞灌类则依种类需要不同浓度的有效氯，有的种类在４０ｍｇ／Ｌ有效氯作用下依然能存活。     

应用WRF/Chem模拟河南冬季大气颗粒物的区域输送特征

基于WRF/Chem模式,设置多组区域排放源的情景实验定量估算河南、京津冀、山东、山西、安徽和江苏、湖北6个区域人为源排放对河南省2015年12月PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度贡献率,并结合气象资料研究3个代表性城市的污染输送特征.结果表明:河南省冬季PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)主要来源为本省排放,平均贡献率分别为54.83%、61.32%.区域污染输送对河南颗粒物的贡献也占有很大比例,京津冀、安徽和江苏、山东、山西以及湖北对PM_(2.5)平均贡献率分别为11.95%、11.69%、7.95%、7.40%、4.30%,对PM_(10)平均贡献率分别为10.42%、10.03%、7.00%、6.89%、3.80%.PM_(2.5)外来输送率比PM_(10)要高,表明细颗粒物比粗颗粒物更易跨区域长距离输送.冬季长持续时间的污染过程大多受静风或小风控制,省内污染贡献最大,过程结束时伴随着大风,周边区域的污染贡献有所增加.不同城市的颗粒物来源与其地理位置、风速、风向等气象条件密切相关.区域污染来源具有复杂性,改善河南省空气质量是需要整个区域共同面对和解决的问题.