论基层环境执法难的突出问题

认为基层环境执法存在环境立法欠缺执行细则,基层环保执法队伍综合实力落后,环境执法体制名义不顺,地方保护主义,企业环境意识不高等问题。提出必须从完善环境立法,加强环境执法能力建设,理顺环境执法体制,打破地方保护主义,强化政府环境责任,加大对排污企业的监控力度等多方面齐发力,共谋对策。     

基于强度折减法的港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞工程高边坡稳定性分析

在列举和分析比较当前岩土工程领域边坡稳定性分析的各种主要方法的基础上,概述了强度折减法的基本原理、主要特点和优势,并以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞大型临时工程拟建场地的岩质高边坡为实例,应用强度折减法基于FLAC3D软件对该边坡的稳定性进行了计算和分析,确定了边界条件和强度参数,计算了该边坡的安全系数,结果表明自然工况下边坡处于稳定状态,底部开挖以后边坡趋于欠稳定状态,同时指出了边坡的关键变形部位,可为后续的设计和施工提供参考。     

废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价初探

近年来,废弃产品回收处理行业日益受到政府和社会各界的关注,而回收处理企业是实施回收处理活动的主体,相关法律、法规的出台对回收处理企业提出了更高的要求。本文在概括梳理相关法律、法规的基础上,初步建立了废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价指标体系,为回收处理企业采用先进的技术工艺、降低环境负荷、加强职业健康监护和企业环境管理提供参考,以适应国家政策要求和行业发展的需要。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯暴露对雄性大鼠生精细胞功能影响

观察不同剂量的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对成年大鼠生精细胞损伤、端粒酶和端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)表达影响.对40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为500mg·kg-1·d-1、250mg·kg-1·d-1、50mg·kg-1·d-1 3个染毒组和1个对照组,灌胃量为5mL·kg-1体重,灌胃法连续给药6周.对体重...     

浅谈室内空气中甲醛污染控制措施

通过对室内空气中甲醛的污染特点介绍,以及不同情况下的甲醛检测,提出了相应控制措施,指出控制室内甲醛污染应从源头把好质量关,并采取物理通风换气以及化学净化、植物吸收等方法控制室内空气中甲醛的环境污染。     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in the biofilms of typical bacteria by the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy

A combined approach of physicochemical extraction and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） of typical bacterial biofilms in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed variation of the contents of DNA,polysaccharide and protein in different fractions of EPS in different mediums. The sulfur K-edge XANES analysis yielded a variety of spectra.Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra utilizing a large set of model compounds showed that there was more reduced sulfur in both LB-EPS（loosely bound EPS） and TB-EPS（tightly bound EPS） of all the biofilms in LB medium than in R2 A medium. More oxidized sulfur was identified in LB-EPS than that in TB-EPS,suggesting different niches and physiological heterogeneity in the biofilms. Our results suggested that the sulfur K-edge XANES can be a useful tool to analyze the sulfur speciation in EPS of biofilms.     

共存氯苯类同系物对六氯苯厌氧降解活性的影响

微生物厌氧降解六氯苯已经成为国内外六氯苯污染土壤修复技术研发的前沿和热点.研究了在不同的初始pH值、反应温度及固液比等环境条件下,3种共存氯苯类同系物五氯苯、1,2,4,5-四氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯对染料厂污染土壤中六氯苯厌氧降解活性的影响.结果表明,在降解过程中,共存氯苯类同系物的累积对六氯苯的厌氧降解产生了反馈抑制作用,影响了六氯苯的降解活性,且在不同的环境条件下,累积规律不同,反馈抑制作用不同.反应的初始pH值较低时,五氯苯的的反馈抑制作用更突出,反应的初始pH值较高时,1,2,4-三氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出;常温下,五氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出,较高温度下,1,2,4-三氯苯的反馈抑制作用更突出;固液比越小,五氯苯的反馈抑制作用越突出.因此,针对性地采取提高低氯苯类同系物降解活性的措施,降低共存低氯苯类同系物在六氯苯厌氧降解过程中的累积,不失为提高污染土壤中六氯苯降解率的一种好的选择.