双氧水强化微电解法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

以某化工厂的硝基苯生产废水为研究对象,在小试确定试验条件的基础上,采用双氧水强化微电解法对废水进行处理,探讨双氧水强化微电解法对废水处理的原理及处理工艺条件.实验结果表明：双氧水强化微电解法处理难降解有机废水,效果好,可以提高废水的生化性,为废水的后续处理提供了有利条件,是难生化有机废水处理的有效方法之一.     

Biohydrogen production in continuous-flow reactor using mixed microbial culture.

The goal of the proposed project was to develop an anaerobic fermentation process that converts negative-value organic wastes into hydrogen-rich gas in a continuous-flow reactor under different operating conditions, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), heat treatment, pH, and substrates. A series of batch tests were also conducted in parallel to the continuous study to evaluate the hydrogen conversion efficiency of two different organic substrates, namely sucrose and starch. A heat shock (at 90 degrees C for 15 minutes) was applied to the sludge in an external heating chamber known as a sludge activation chamber, as a method to impose a selection pressure to eliminate non-spore-forming, hydrogen-consuming bacteria and to activate spore germination. The experimental results showed that the heat activation of biomass enhanced hydrogen production by selecting for hydrogen-producing, spore-forming bacteria. The batch feeding at a shorter HRT of 20 hours (or higher organic loading rate) favored hydrogen production, whereas, at a longer HRT of 30 hours, methane was detected in the gas phase. The major organic acids of hydrogen fermentation were acetate, butyrate, and propionate. Up to 23.1% of influent chemical oxygen demand was consumed in biomass synthesis. Batch tests showed that the hydrogen-production potential of starch was lower than sucrose, and better conversion efficiency from starch was obtained at a lower pH of 4.5. However, addition of sucrose to starch improved the overall hydrogen-production potential and hydrogen-production rate. This study showed that sustainable biohydrogen production from carbohydrate-rich substrates is possible through heat activation of settled sludge.     

磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的研究

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,并研究了催化剂加入量、pH值、甲基橙初始浓度和外加氧化剂H2O2对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,磷钨酸光催化剂加入量为300 mg/100 mL,pH=2.5时,甲基橙溶液的降解率明显高于其他pH值的降解率;在较低浓度下,甲基橙溶液的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程;外加氧化剂H2O2可提高光催化反应速率.     

连续流分段进水生物脱氮工艺控制要点及优化

主要介绍了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的系统工作原理及工艺特性,并探讨了该工艺运行操作和设计的几个重要影响因素,如进水流量分配比、溶解氧、污泥回流比、C/N比等,并在此基础上讨论了分段进水生物脱氮工艺的优化控制对策.     

Probabilistic risk assessment of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta exposed to waterborne zinc

This paper describes a risk assessment approach that integrates predicted tissue concentrations of zinc (Zn) with a concentration-response relationship and leads to predictions of survival risk for pond abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta as well as to the uncertainties associated with these predictions. The models implemented include a probabilistic bioaccumulation model, which linking biokinetic and consumer-resource models, accounts for Zn exposure profile and a modified Hill model for reconstructing a dose-response profile for abalone exposed to waterborne Zn. The growth risk is assessed by hazard quotients characterized by measured water level and chronic no-observed effect concentration. Our risk analyses for H. diversicolor supertexta reared near Toucheng, Kouhu, and Anping, respectively, in north, central, and south Taiwan region indicate a relatively low likelihood that survival is being affected by waterborne Zn. Expected risks of mortality for abalone were estimated as 0.46 (Toucheng), 0.36 (Kouhu), and 0.29 (Anping). The predicted 90th-percentiles of hazard quotient for potential growth risk were estimated as 1.94 (Toucheng), 0.47 (Kouhu), and 0.51 (Anping). These findings indicate that waterborne Zn exposure poses no significant risk to pond abalone in Kouhu and Anping, yet a relative high growth risk in Toucheng is alarming. Because of a scarcity of toxicity and exposure data, the probabilistic risk assessment was based on very conservative assumptions.     

固定源废气监测工作若干技术问题的探讨

从监测工况、测点位置、采样过程、结果计算等几方面出发，结合实际经验，对大气固定污染源的监测工作中存在的一些疑难问题进行探讨。     

湿式氧化技术及其应用比较

对湿式氧化技术及其影响因素进行了介绍 ,叙述了各种因素的影响作用并对各因素的影响强弱进行了比较 ,认为反应温度和处理对象的性质是影响湿式氧化技术处理效果的关键因素。阐述了湿式氧化技术在废水处理、污泥处理、活性炭再生中的一些应用研究情况 ,并进行了比较。总结了湿式氧化技术的特点及其在环境治理中的优势     

聚苯乙烯基离子交换纤维去除铅离子的应用研究

聚苯乙烯其离子交换纤维是一种理想的离子交换材料。它的特殊的物理形态决定它对一些有害气体如铅烟、颗粒铅等具有很好的净化作用，铅烟净化效率可达８０％；对水溶液中毒性铅离子去除率可达８６％。该纤维可做为治理毒性铅离子的材料。     

北江汛期清远段多环芳烃的污染特征与风险评估

2016年7月于北江清远段采集21个水和表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）法测定了样品中的PAHs（多环芳烃）含量,分析了北江水环境中PAHs的污染水平,并对其生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,水中ρ（∑PAHs）介于0.4~110.2 ng/L,表层沉积物中w（∑PAHs）（以干质量计,下同）在54.4~819.8 ng/g之间,平均值分别为41.7 ng/L和424.9 ng/g.与国内水体PAHs污染状况相比,北江清远段水中PAHs污染状况处于中低水平,而表层沉积物污染状况处于中等水平.运用特征比值法对PAHs来源进行分析表明,PAHs主要来源为石油泄漏、化石燃料燃烧.采用商值法对水中PAHs进行生态风险评价,∑PAHs和个别单体的最低风险浓度风险商值大于1.0而最高风险浓度风险商值小于1.0,处于中等污染水平;采用效应区间低、中值法对表层沉积物PAHs进行生态风险评价,仅个别点位表层沉积物中苊烯、蒽和二苯并[a,h]蒽超出生态效应低值,对生态环境潜在负面效应较小.研究显示,北江水和沉积物中PAHs潜在风险处于较低水平.      

中国城市PM2.5时空动态变化特征分析:2015-2017年

近年来我国雾霾事件频发.采用2015-2017年全国329个地级及以上城市PM_2.5浓度每小时监测数据,利用全域空间自相关法、自然正交函数和空间描述统计分析的方法,从时空视角来揭示PM_2.5浓度的时间动态变化规律以及空间分布特征.研究发现：①从全国范围内来看,PM_2.5浓度均值逐年降低,降幅最高为夏季,最低为冬季,PM_2.5浓度位于40~60 μg·m^-3之间的城市降幅较大.PM_2.5浓度年内表现为"冬高夏低,春秋居中"的时间动态变化规律,且各年PM_2.5浓度达优良率不断提高.②细颗粒物污染改善程度最大的为德州,京津冀城市群和长三角城市群改善程度居中.全国PM_2.5污染范围逐年缩小,但新疆西部和冀鲁豫仍为高污染区,西南和东南沿海地区为低污染区.各区域污染的空间集聚逐年缩小.优良达标率在空间分布特征上无显著变化.③"大气十条"部分指标已完成,未来细颗粒物污染治理重点区域仍以京津冀地区为核心.在防治空气污染方面,必须加强区域联防联控机制.