小飞蓬入侵对伊犁河谷草原土壤养分及活性有机碳组分的影响

因小飞蓬繁殖能力强,传播速度快,其入侵后排挤本土植物以较快的速度形成重度入侵群落,对草原生态系统的种类组成和群落结构产生影响.本文以伊犁河谷托乎拉苏草原内自然分布的猪毛蒿和糙叶矢车菊土著植物群落、混有少量小飞蓬的猪毛蒿和糙叶矢车菊轻度入侵群落、猪毛蒿糙叶矢车菊和小飞蓬中度入侵群落、小飞蓬重度入侵群落的4个群落为研究对象,采用样地实验的方法,研究小飞蓬入侵对土壤氮、磷、钾无机养分和活性有机碳组分变化的影响.研究表明,小飞蓬入侵后提高了土壤有机质含量.轻度入侵群落对土壤无机养分需求较大,明显降低土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、硝态氮、铵态氮含量;随着入侵程度加深,逐渐恢复且均高于土著群落含量,其中速效氮含量增加不明显,重度入侵群落在0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层仍处于降低趋势.小飞蓬的入侵对于土壤活性有机碳组分影响较大.轻度入侵时降低土壤微生物活性、阻碍易氧化有机碳的积累,可溶性有机碳含量上升;小飞蓬重度入侵时对微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳含量的影响降低,并促进土壤微生物活性.     

A fractal derivative model to quantify bed-load transport along a heterogeneous sand bed

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Bed-load transport is a complex process exhibiting anomalous dynamics, which cannot be efficiently described using the traditional advection–diffusion...     

Degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) and methane production by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion: Effect of temperature and concentration

• PAM degradation in thermophilic AD in comparison with mesophilic AD. • PAM degradation and its impact on thermophilic and mesophilic AD. • Enhanced methane yield in presence of PAM during thermophilic and mesophilic AD. • PAM degradation and microbial community analysis in thermophilic and mesophilic AD. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is generally employed in wastewater treatment processes such as sludge dewatering and therefore exists in the sludge. Furthermore, it degrades slowly and can deteriorate methane yield during anaerobic digestion (AD). The impact or fate of PAM in AD under thermophilic conditions is still unclear. This study mainly focuses on PAM degradation and enhanced methane production from PAM-added sludge during 15 days of thermophilic (55°C) AD compared to mesophilic (35°C) AD. Sludge and PAM dose from 10 to 50 g/kg TSS were used. The results showed that PAM degraded by 76% to 78% with acrylamide (AM) content of 0.2 to 3.3 mg/L in thermophilic AD. However, it degraded only 27% to 30% with AM content of 0.5 to 7.2 mg/L in mesophilic AD. The methane yield was almost 230 to 238.4 mL/g VSS on the 8th day in thermophilic AD but was 115.2 to 128.6 mL/g VSS in mesophilic AD. Mechanism investigation revealed that thermophilic AD with continuous stirring not only enhanced PAM degradation but also boosted the organics release from the sludge with added PAM and gave higher methane yield than mesophilic AD.     

How does “the Belt and Road” and the Sino-US trade conflict affect global and Chinese CO2 emissions?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the context of the rapid development of the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative, the continuous transfer of Sino-US trade to the B&R...     

Effects of reciprocal hybridization on cadmium accumulation in F1 hybrids of two Solanum photeinocarpum ecotypes

In this study, farmland and mining ecotypes of Solanum photeinocarpum (a potential cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator plant) were reciprocally hybridized each other, and the Cd accumulation characteristics of the F1 hybrids were studied. In pot experiments, higher biomasses and Cd extraction abilities were found for two S. photeinocarpum F1 hybrids than for the parents, but the Cd contents in various organs were lower in the hybrids than the parents. However, the differences between the Cd contents in the two hybrids were not significant. The antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities were higher for the S. photeinocarpum F1 hybrids than the parents. Less DNA methylation was found in the hybrids than the parents because more demethylation occurred in the hybrids than the parents. The biomass, Cd content, and Cd extraction ability effects in field experiments were similar to the effects in the pot experiments. It was concluded that reciprocally hybridizing different S. photeinocarpum ecotypes improved the ability of S. photeinocarpum to be used to phytoremediate contaminated land.

     

不同装煤方式和炭化室高度的焦炉周边环境空气总悬浮颗粒物碳组分特征

研究了山西省4座典型焦炉周边环境空气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)碳组分特征,分析了不同装煤方式和炭化室高度对其的影响。结果表明:(1)焦炉周边环境空气中TSP质量浓度为711.95～2 938.41μg/m3,其中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)的质量浓度分别为189.45～595.90、285.38～806.71μg/m3,总碳占TSP的质量分数为44.81%～67.45%;捣固焦炉周边的TSP及其碳组分浓度高于顶装焦炉,炭化室高度越高的焦炉周边环境空气中TSP及其碳组分浓度越低。(2)4座焦炉周边环境空气TSP中OC和EC质量比为0.66～1.04,说明焦炉周边环境空气中碳组分以一次污染为主。(3)4座焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分的分歧系数为0.092～0.490,均小于0.5,总体来说装煤方式和炭化室高度都对焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分的分布有一定影响,特别是装煤方式和炭化室高度都不同的焦炉周边环境空气TSP中碳组分差异较大。     

基于IRBFNN和PCA的电网预想故障安全运行评估方法研究

为了更快速直观地监视、分析和评估故障后电网的安全运行状态,提出了基于径向基函数(radical basis function,RBF)神经网络和主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)的评估模型。利用带衰减因子的吸引力传播(affinity propagation,AP)聚类算法选择RBF神经网络中心和隐含层节点数,同时提出了扩展的电网运行状态安全评估指标,利用越限指标权重和指数阶数避免了安全评估的遮蔽现象,利用主成分分析选取RBF神经网络的输入矢量特征,最后通过IEEE-30节点仿真算例验证了所提模型的有效性。     

落地油泥土壤性质对超声除油效果的影响

落地油泥是油田产生的一类危险固体废弃物,其无害化处理是目前各大油田所面临的重大挑战之一。为了深入认识超声处理过程中油泥土壤性质与超声处理除油效果之间的关系,以不同油田典型落地油泥为研究对象,超声处理后对其土壤残留含油量、土壤颗粒级配、土壤化学组成等进行分析。结果表明:油泥中土壤颗粒粒径较大的大庆、大港落地油泥经超声处理后的除油效果均在60%以上,而土壤颗粒粒径较小的冀东落地油泥超声除油率仅为11%;同时,超声除油效果较好的大庆、大港落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较低(分别为4.84%和5.94%),而超声除油效果差的冀东落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较高(11.57%)。进一步的模拟实验结果表明,钙氧化物含量高的土壤对原油的吸附量大、吸附强度高、超声除油效果差,而钙氧化物含量低的土壤吸附量小、吸附强度低、超声除油效果好。以上结果可为油田落地油泥超声处理技术的开发及规模化应用提供指导。