排污权交易市场中政府角色研究

排污权交易的实质是利用市场机制来控制环境污染,这一市场行为正常运转的前提是明确政府部门在排污权交易市场中的职能和角色。本文从区域政府部门在排污权交易市场中需要发挥的重要作用,包括组织、监督、管理、协调等方面进行探讨,以对其职能和角色进行研究并得出结论,即现代政府在排污权交易中的角色定位应为管理者、协助者和引导者。     

新一代X荧光仪在河流底质监测中的应用研究

文章主要介绍了新一代能量色散型X荧光分析仪在地面水监测(河流底质监测)中的应用研究。通过对成都市两条主要河流——府河和沙河部分河段中底泥沉积物现场取样分析样品中As、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd等元素含量,并利用地质累积指数法对两条河流取样段的重金属污染的现状和水平进行了初步评价,验证了X荧光分析方法作为一种快速分析手段在地面水监测中应用的可行性。     

基于因子分析的黄河流域人居环境评价

通过构建包括居住条件,城镇生态环境,城镇基础设施及城镇经济发展水平4大综合指标的人居环境评价的指标体系,应用因子分析法对黄河流域的18个县城人居环境进行分析与评价。结果表明,经济发展水平是影响黄河流域城镇人居环境的核心因子,流域各县城的人居环境质量差异较大,十个县城综合得分低于平均水平。流域城镇整体人居环境水平有待提高。并针对各个县城人居环境中存在的问题,提出了相应的优化对策。     

碱厂白泥制备橡胶填充剂的可行性研究

以青岛碱厂白泥为研究对象,通过橡胶实验及产品性能测试,证实了用碱厂白泥制备橡胶填充剂的可行性。与目前正在使用的普通轻质碳酸钙和超细轻质碳酸钙相比较,由白泥加工成的粉体填充剂对丁苯胶硫化胶性能的影响能够达到普通轻质碳酸钙的水平,对天然橡胶硫化胶性能的影响能够达到超细轻质碳酸钙的水平。天然橡胶的混炼实验表明,增加白泥粉体在配方中的用量,对硫化胶的力学性能没有什么影响,但由于白泥粉体分散性下降,增加了橡胶混炼时的困难。     

柠檬酸三钠等对三聚氰胺诱导的草酸钙晶体的影响

在二维凝胶圆盘体系中.研究了添加不同浓度的柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠等对舍有三聚氰胺诱导的草酸钙晶体形成的影响.同时利用带数码相机的生物学显微镜和XRD等测试手段对样品进行表征.结果表明:体系中有2×10-5mol/L的三聚氰胺存在时,晶体主要以不规则多边形和圆形形式存在,而在柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠等的浓度条件为0.01 mol/L和0.1 mol/L时,大大降低尿结石中主要成分COM的比例,在加上述物质的凝胶体系中的晶体除乙二胺四乙酸二钠未出现待测组分外,其余都出现了待测组分,COM,COD的晶型.加入柠檬酸三钠、酒石酸钾钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠时.待测组分和COM的所占下降很多,主要以COD和COT晶型存在.另外,这些未知组分的出现,对我们研究其促进尿结石的形成有很大的启示.     

Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

Synthetic pyrethroids(SPs) are among the most common pesticides in current use,and so far,several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods.Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites.Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs,little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites.In this study,permethrin(PM) and β-cypermethrin(CP),as well as their metabolites(3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol(PBCOH),3-phenoxybenzaldehyde(PBCHO) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBCOOH) were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay,PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L,comparable to 17β-estradiol(E2 ) of 10-9 mol/L,with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%,respectively.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L.For the three major metabolites,PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays,while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control.In particular,PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds,indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs.Given the widespread use of SPs,the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.     

六盘山生态旅游区旅游步道对人类践踏干扰的响应研究

从生态系统响应和游客主观认知的双重视角,对六盘山旅游区旅游步道对人类旅游践踏干扰的响应进行了研究。结果表明:①自然状态下旅游践踏干扰主要集中在旅游步道边缘1~3m范围内,但不同生态系统差异较大。在调查的3个景区中,小南川景区乔灌草生态统主要集中在旅游步道1m左右;凉殿峡景区高山草甸生态系统集中在1~2m之间;野荷谷景区华北落叶松林下生态系统则达到3m左右;②采用地表覆盖物响应指数(Index of Land Cover Impact,ILCI)和游客可接受改变限度(Limits of Acceptable Change,LAC)来衡量受干扰旅游步道响应程度,在1m范围内各调查样区ILCI均达到4级或5级严重冲击程度;1~2m间以凉殿峡景区ILCI值较高(39%),介于1~2级之间,而小南川与野荷谷景区ILCI值属1级轻微影响;3m及以外三者影响基本较小。游客对游道沿线土壤裸露度可接受改变限度为55.7%,3个调查样区1m范围内植被覆盖减少率(CR)均超过此水平;③调查样区旅游步道响应强弱与游道坡度、边坡坡度以及游道宽度具有一定相关性;④地表覆盖物响应指数因与其它各响应变量间显著相关,可作为评估旅游干扰系统响应的一项简易而有效的指标。研究结果也表明,目前旅游践踏干扰已对游道沿线环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。因此,改变目前景区开发无序状态,加强旅游步道规划设计和游客行为规范,建立长期环境监测系统,将对制定防治游憩冲击策略,促进六盘山生态旅游区可持续发展具有重要指导价值。     

高炉水冷却工艺的技木比较和经济分析

以2500 m3高炉为例,通过对不同循环水冷却工艺流程、特点及其经济效益进行比较,建议采用高炉各部分单独软水密闭循环冷却工艺和蒸发式空冷器换热设备,这对钢铁厂节水节电,降低运行费用,提高经济效益和节约成本具有重要意义.     

A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene stress

The proteomic analysis of rice （Oryza sativa L.） roots and leaves responding tol,2,4-trichlorobenzene （TCB） stress was carded out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometric （MS）, and protein database analysis. The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves. The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves, when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress. Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress. These responses include detoxication of toxic substances, expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds, regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism, activation of methionine salvage pathway, and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism. Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars, the β-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar （Oryza sativa L.） Aizaizhan, and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63. This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan.     

瑞士电子废物法规和技术标准研究

通过对瑞士电子废物管理法规和标准的研究,总结瑞士电子废物的立法及管理特点,结合我国国情,提出我国电子废物立法的建议。