PT-GC-CVAFS法测定沉积物中甲基汞的影响因素及应用

研究了碱提取吹扫捕集气相色谱冷原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中甲基汞的影响因素,包括载气流速、柱温、衍生化试剂、样品称取量、前处理时碱性提取液加入量和反应瓶中提取液加入量的影响,分析了提取液加入量对Tenax管的影响、提取液保存的影响因素、沉积物样品保存的影响因素以及样品中Hg²⁺的干扰影响。根据影响情况确定最佳测定条件,应用于广西龙江河流域上9个代表性监测断面的底泥样品中甲基汞的测定,采用污染指数法对该流域甲基汞的污染现状进行评价。结果表明,最佳载气流速范围为22～27 mL/min,最佳柱温为46℃。衍生化试剂选择四乙基硼化钠和四丙基硼化钠均能达到较好的回收率。样品称取量选择0.50 g时回收率好。前处理时碱性提取液的加入量对甲基汞的提取效率没有显著影响。为保证水相衍生反应体系最终pH在5左右,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液的加入量随提取液加入量的增加而增加。当缓冲溶液为300μL时,提取液小于150μL不会影响Tenax管性能。避光与否对提取液的保存和样品的保存影响都不大,提取液保存3 d后、样品保存15 d后,甲基汞回收率将低于80%。衍生化前定量体积提取液中Hg     

水生态环境物联网智慧监测技术发展及应用

水生态环境物联网监测是一种利用信息技术实现水生态环境数据获取与应用的智能服务.通过水生态环境监测物联网,借助传感技术、传输网络和智能联动等手段,能够及时、全面地获取流域水生态环境质量动态数据信息,提升水生态环境保护管理决策的信息化水平.在综述了水生态环境物联网智慧监测发展概况的基础上,基于物联网总体架构,重点从感知技术...     

日本危险废物统计制度的研究

随着社会的变化和技术的进步,日本固体废物的情况也发生了显著的变化,尤其是危险废物的问题,引起社会各界强烈重视.为采取正确合理的危险废物对策,准确地掌握危险废物的产生和处理状况是不可或缺的.文章介绍了日本危险废物统计制度的相关内容,重点阐述了日本危险废物的统计机制和统计数据校验推算方法,并通过对中国与日本危险废物统计制度的比较分析,总结日本危险废物统计制度的经验,提出了完善中国危险废物统计制度的建议.     

Regional distribution of organochlorinated pesticides in pine needles and its indication for socioeconomic development

The regional distribution of 10 potentially harmful organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) was investigated in pine needles from 18 sites in six Chinese regions. The OCPs concentrations in six regions were as follows: sigmaHCH (sigmaHCH=alpha-+beta-+gamma-+delta-HCH), 4.7-51.5 ng/g; sigmaDDT (p,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD), 0.9-30.9 ng/g; hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1.1-5.3 ng/g; sigmachlordane (cis-chlordane+trans-chlordane), no detected-4.3 ng/g, on dry weight basis. Samples from southeast Chinese area contained the highest concentrations of sigmaHCH, sigmaDDT and sigmachlordane, while the contamination levels of most OCPs in southwest Chinese area were the lowest. The ratios of alpha/gamma-HCH (ranged from 1.7 to 5) were observed to be noticeable increase from north to south China, and the ratio of 1.7 revealed the presence of the recent use of lindane in north Chinese area. The significant decrease of the sum concentrations of alpha-+gamma-HCH from mid-1980s to the present and the strong correlation between alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-HCH (r=0.87-0.98, n=18, p<0.05) indicated the main usage of the technical HCH in history in China. The p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT ratios of <1 revealed the new input of p,p'-DDT in south, southeast and southwest Chinese areas, which could be partly contributed to the new use of impure dicofol. Economic development will leave its mark in the environment, however, its impact on the input and distribution of OCPs on a regional scale is unknown. We attempted to use the socioeconomic index (gross domestic product (GDP) per capita) to explain the distribution and input of OCPs and found that HCB and sigmaDDT seemed to be linked to the economic development, while no relationship of HCH was observed. DDE% of sigmaDDT also showed a negative correlation with the GDP per capita.     

Air quality modeling of interpollutant trading for ozone precursors in an urban area

Emission trading is a market-based approach designed to improve the efficiency and economic viability of emission control programs; emission trading has typically been confined to trades among single pollutants. Interpollutant trading (IPT), as described in this work, allows for trades among emissions of different compounds that affect the same air quality end point, in this work, ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Because emissions of different compounds impact air quality end points differently, weighting factors or trading ratios (tons of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) equivalent to a ton of emissions of volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) must be developed to allow for IPT. In this work, IPT indices based on reductions in O3 concentrations and based on reductions in population exposures to O3 were developed and evaluated using a three-dimensional gridded photochemical model for Austin, TX, a city currently on the cusp of nonattainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3 concentrations averaged over 8 hr. Emissions of VOC and NO(x) from area and mobile sources in Austin are larger than emissions from point sources. The analysis indicated that mobile and area sources exhibited similar impacts. Trading ratios based on maximum O3 concentration or population exposure were similar. In contrast, the trading ratios did exhibit significant (more than a factor of two) day-to-day variability. Analysis of the air quality modeling indicated that the daily variability in trading ratios could be attributed to daily variations in both emissions and meteorology.     

Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.     

天山北坡经济带经济发展与污染减排潜力以及工业绿色发展策略

天山北坡经济带是"一带一路"倡议中最大的综合经济带之一,其经济与环境协调发展模式可为"一带一路"沿线国家实现区域绿色发展提供借鉴.通过引入区位熵的概念,从空间维度对天山北坡经济带各经济区主导行业进行分析,并采用情景分析方法从时间维度对天山北坡经济带不同经济发展情景下的污染物减排潜力进行分析.结果表明:①区位熵分析结果显示,石化、冶金、食品饮料、纺织服装、煤炭、能源供应等行业是天山北坡经济带的主导行业,占天山北坡经济带工业总产值的84%.②情景分析结果显示,与2014年相比,情景1（现状情景）下天山北坡经济带2020年COD_Cr和SO₂排放量将会增加90.86%和194.26%,情景2（产业结构调整情景）下将分别增加66.48%和84.97%,情景3（科技创新情景）下将分别增加42.34%和113.77%,情景4（生态工业园情景）下则分别降低8.39%和8.77%.③在污染物减排方面,情景4下COD_Cr和SO₂排放量分别较情景1降低52.00%和69.00%.④根据情景分析结果,特别是生态工业园情景下的减排潜力,结合目前天山北坡经济带6个经济区主导行业发展现状,从空间维度、时间维度和产业维度提出天山北坡经济带的工业绿色发展策略,主要包括积极创建生态工业示范园区、发展循环经济、调整产业结构、开展技术创新等.      

g-C3N4-P25/光合细菌复合材料降解偶氮染料废水的机理

采用海藻酸钙将g-C3N4-P25和光合细菌进行共固定,合成了光催化-微生物复合材料,并进行了降解模拟偶氮染料废水的研究.结果表明,光催化-微生物复合材料的染料(活性艳红X-3B)脱色率和COD去除率分别为94%和84.7%,远远大于固定光催化剂与固定光合细菌.利用UV-Vis、FT-IR及GC-MS对反应残留物进行表征,根据结果可推测:由光催化产生的自由基和光合细菌共同破坏X-3B的偶氮结构,生成的苯胺类化合物经过一系列的水解、氧化还原作用生成多种具有苯环结构的化合物,然后自由基破坏苯环结构产生长链烷烃,减少芳香烃化合物的累积对光合细菌活性的影响.光合细菌及时利用光催化生成的长链烷烃,产生分子量较小的物质,最后矿化为CO2和H2O.     

细菌Rieske型非血红素铁加氧酶研究进展

细菌Rieske型非血红素铁加氧酶是催化芳香化合物好氧降解第一步反应的酶,能够激发好氧环境下大量芳香或取代芳香化合物的生物降解,同时还可作为有机化合物的合成子.这是一类新型且丰富的酶资源,在受污环境的生物修复方面有着巨大的潜力,并且符合“绿色化学”的要求.本文综述了该类酶的分类、晶体结构、作用机理及其基因改造等最新研究进展. 图4表1参17     

Organohalogenated compounds in pine needles from Beijing city, China

Pine needles collected from 22 sites of six areas in Beijing city, China, were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) combined with organic extraction for extractable organohalogens (EOX) and extractable persistent organohalogens (EPOX). The concentrations of EOX (EOX = ECl + EOBr + EOI) were in the order of EOCl > EOBr > EOI. About 1.6-34% of EOCl remained as extractable persistent organochlorine (EPOCl) after treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, which suggested that major fractions of EOCl in pine needles were an acid-liable or acid-soluble fraction. The fact that pine needle contained higher EOCl contents in chemical industrial and traffic hub areas indicated that chemical industries and exhaust emission from vehicle were the main sources of organochlorines in the Beijing's air. The relative proportions of the known organochlorines (such as HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, HCB and PCBs) to total EOCl and EPOCl were 0.32-0.76% and 2.5-11.4%, respectively, which implied that a major portion of the EOCl and EPOCl measured in pine needles was unknown. The organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs concentrations in six areas were as follows: sigma HCH (sigma HCH = alpha- + beta- + gamma- + delta-HCH), 11.7-20.8 ng/g; sigma DDT (p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD), 12.5-113.3 ng/g; hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1.1-5.3 ng/g; sigma chlordane (cis-chlordane + trans-chlordane + heptachlor), 1.7-9.5 ng/g, sigma PCB, 41.8-270.5 ng/g, on dry weight basis. The samples from chemical industrial area and residential area nearby chemical industries contained the highest concentrations of sigma DDT, HCB, sigma chlordane and sigma PCB, while the contamination levels of most OCPs and PCBs in iron-steel industrial area were the lowest. The ratios of alpha/gamma-HCH (ranged from 0.9-1.5) and p,p'-DDT/DDTs (ranged from 72.1% to 91.0%) revealed the presence of the recent use of lindane and DDTs or impure dicofol in Beijing.