拟除虫菊酯与有机磷农药混合溶液的光敏降解

研究了胺菊酯、甲醚菊酯、丙烯菊酯和氯菊酯以及甲基１６５０、毒死蜱、乐果在高压汞灯照射下的光解速率及其混合物在光解过程中的相互影响。结果表明光解速率顺序与农药的种类有关；两种不同类型杀虫共存时将改变彼此的光解速率，发生光敏作用，有机磷农药对拟除虫菊酯光敏作用的顺序是甲基１６０５〉毒死蜱〉乐果；有机磷农药的摩尔吸光系数与光解速率及敏化作用能力存在一定的相关性。光解产物的检测表明有机磷农药主要通过＾３Ｏ     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅳ)上封寺森林群落学特征

根据实地考察及其研究结果,南岳上封寺森林群落是一种尚未报道过的新类型,即长叶石栎+多脉青冈-尾叶山茶-求米草群丛(Association ofLithocarpus henryi+ Cyclobalanopsis multinervis—Camellia cauaata—Oplismeatus undulatifolius)。该群落内有维管束植物44科、64属、73种;其属的区系性质是以温带性质占多数,温带、热带性质成分各计53.45％和46.55％;种的区系成分以华夏、东亚和华东-华中三种分布类型为主,分别占总数的25.35％、22.53％和12.68％,群落区系具有明显的华东-华中区系的过渡交汇性质。在群落中,木本植物和草本植物各占73.87％和26.03％,其中草本植物中,多年生占20.55％。该群落明显分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分为二个亚层,它是典型的中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林北部植被地理亚带中的常绿阔叶林。在群落演替过程中,它仍将保持常绿阔叶林性质,但其优势种可能会被尾叶山茶、多脉青冈取代。     

环境空气质量功能区划分的基本技术思路

从环保政策出发，依据有关基础资料，结合区域发展规划，以模型计算为基础，现状评价，容量分析和方案优选相结合，确立了环境空气质量功能划分的基本技术方法，具有较强的科学性和系统性。     

对品红亚硫酸光度法测定废水中的甲醛

本文研究了方法的显色条件、抗干扰性，成功地应用该方法测定了高浓度有机废水。方法的精密度６％，回收率９１％，检测下限０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Different motivations for knowledge sharing and hiding: The role of motivating work design

Little research to date has focused on understanding employee motivation to share and hide knowledge. Using self‐determination theory, we tested the premise that knowledge sharing and hiding might be differentially motivated and that work design characteristics might influence the motivation to share knowledge with colleagues. In a panel survey of Australian knowledge workers and in a Chinese knowledge‐intensive organization, we asked knowledge workers, using time‐lagged designs, about perceptions of work design, motivation to share knowledge, and self‐reported knowledge sharing and hiding behaviors. Results, largely replicated across both samples, indicated that cognitive job demands and job autonomy were positively related to future reports of knowledge‐sharing frequency and usefulness via autonomous motivation to share knowledge. Unexpectedly, task interdependence was positively related to the three forms of knowledge hiding (evasive and rationalized hiding, and playing dumb) via external regulation to share knowledge. Implications for the design of jobs that motivate knowledge sharing and demotivate knowledge hiding are discussed.     

Gamma irradiation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole aqueous solution in the presence of persulfate

Recently, water treatment by ionizing radiation has gained increasing attention as a powerful technology for the destruction of refractory pollutants. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT) is known as a widespread, toxic and poorly biodegradable pollutant. This paper studied the gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of MBT. Moreover, the effect of the addition of persulfate(S2O82-) on the radiolytic destruction of MBT was investigated. The main transformation products of the studied compound were detected and the sequence of occurrence of the products was described. The change of biodegradability of MBT solution was also observed. The main results obtained in this study indicated that gamma radiation was effective for removing MBT in aqueous solution. Persulfate addition, which induced the formation of reactive sulfate radicals(SO4-U), greatly enhanced the degradation of MBT. Benzothiazole was identified as the first radiation product, followed by 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. Decomposition of MBT started with the oxidation of –SH groups to sulfate ions. Possible pathways for MBT decomposition by gamma irradiation were proposed. The BOD/COD ratios of MBT samples were increased after radiation,indicating the improvement of biodegradability and reduction of toxicity.     

Impact of dicyandiamide on emissions of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia from agricultural field in the North China Plain

Nitrous oxide(N_2O), nitric oxide(NO) and ammonia(NH_3) emissions from an agricultural field in the North China Plain were compared for three treatments during a whole maize growing period from 26 June to 11 October, 2012. Compared with the control treatment(without fertilization, designated as CK), remarkable pulse emissions of N_2O, NO and NH_3 were observed from the normal fertilization treatment(designated as NP) just after fertilization, whereas only N_2O and NH_3 pulse emissions were evident from the nitrification inhibitor treatment(designated as ND). The reduction proportions of N_2O and NO emissions from the ND treatment compared to those from the NP treatment during the whole maize growing period were 31% and 100%, respectively. A measurable increase of NH_3 emission from the ND treatment was found with a cumulative NH_3 emission of 3.8 ± 1.2 kg N/ha,which was 1.4 times greater than that from the NP treatment(2.7 ± 0.7 kg N/ha).     

On-board measurements of gaseous pollutant emission characteristics under real driving conditions from light-duty diesel vehicles in Chinese cities

A total of 15 light-duty diesel vehicles(LDDVs) were tested with the goal of understanding the emission factors of real-world vehicles by conducting on-board emission measurements. The emission characteristics of hydrocarbons(HC) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) at different speeds, chemical species profiles and ozone formation potential(OFP) of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from diesel vehicles with different emission standards were analyzed. The results demonstrated that emission reductions of HC and NOxhad been achieved as the control technology became more rigorous from Stage I to Stage IV. It was also found that the HC and NOxemissions and percentage of O2 dropped with the increase of speed, while the percentage of CO2 increased. The abundance of alkanes was significantly higher in diesel vehicle emissions, approximately accounting for 41.1%–45.2%, followed by aromatics and alkenes. The most abundant species were propene,ethane, n-decane, n-undecane, and n-dodecane. The maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)method was adopted to evaluate the contributions of individual VOCs to OFP. The results indicated that the largest contributors to O3 production were alkenes and aromatics, which accounted for 87.7%–91.5%. Propene, ethene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1-butene, and1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were the top five VOC species based on their OFP, and accounted for 54.0%-64.8% of the total OFP. The threshold dilution factor was applied to analyze the possibility of VOC stench pollution. The majority of stench components emitted from vehicle exhaust were aromatics, especially p-diethylbenzene, propylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, and p-ethyltoluene.     

城市环境总体规划中的公众参与研究——基于2015年长春市居民生态环境满意度空间分析

结合城市环境质量现状,通过环境满意度空间分析,研究如何发挥公众参与在城市环境总体规划中的作用和影响.环境满意度调查要素包括空气质量、饮用水质量、地表水质量等十个方面.受访人群特征包括性别、年龄、学历及职业四个方面,空间分布包括城区、社区和人群三个尺度.分析结果表明,长春市居民对生态环境的满意度为51.81％;十个环境要素中,道路清扫保洁的满意度最高为55.81％,地表水质量最低为28.66％.以空气质量环境满意度为例进行空间分析,不同城区的空气质量综合排名和环境满意度排名基本一致,说明长春市大多数居民对空气质量的感知度比较准确.     

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and child health in China

Currently, organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used for agriculture in China and around the world. A few epidemiological studies have examined the association between exposure to OPs and children’s health, but these studies reported inconsistent results. In view of the limitations of testing techniques and the intrinsic incompleteness of scientific evidence from current studies, we have considered some issues which may be interpreted and handled with caution.