Effect of selected pesticides and their ozonation by-products on gap junctional intercellular communication using rat liver epithelial cell lines.

The non-genotoxic effects of two commonly used pesticides, 1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) and malathion, and one widely used commercial insect repellent N,N-diethy-m-toluamide (DEET) on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) were determined using a rat liver epithelial cell line. Malathion and DDT reversibly inhibited GJIC in a treatment time- and dose-dependent manner at non-cytotoxic doses, whereas, DEET did not inhibit GJIC. Malathion was very reactive with ozone, while DEET and DDT did not react to any appreciable extent with ozone. The mixtures of ozonation products from malathion and DEET did not inhibit GJIC. The mixtures of ozonation by-products formed from DDT inhibited GJIC, but to a lesser extent than did DDT, itself. These results suggest that ozone can effectively remove malathion from solution without forming GJIC-toxic products, but is less effective in eliminating DEET and DDT from solution.     

列车运行安全性、平稳性的控制因素及评估准则

既有线的提速及高速铁路的修建 ,标志着我国铁路迈上了一个新的台阶 ,同时 ,列车运行的安全性和稳定性问题也愈显突出。高速、安全和舒适是高速铁路运输得以实现的三大要素 ,本文从动力学角度 ,通过不同的参数 ,分析了目前国内外列车运行安全性和平稳性的标准 ,探讨了列车脱轨、倾覆的不安全因素和旅客乘坐舒适性的各项指标 ,并提出了评估准则     

城市,让生活更美好

<正>世界博览会(World Exhibition or Exposition),是由一个国家的政府主办,有多个国家或国际组织参加,以展现人类在社会、经济、文化和科技领域取得成就的国际性大型展示会。其特点是举办时间长、展出规模大、参展国家多、影响深远。     

正压生物防护服研究进展

正压生物防护服是针对高危生物污染环境作业人员防护而研制的一类个体防护装备。本文从防护服材料、正压形成与保持、微环境、人体工效学等方面出发,综述了正压生物防护服关键技术研究的成果与不足。提出以功能通用化、监控自动化、使用信息化、研制规范化为特点的正压防护服是未来发展的趋势。     

Lead-induced oxidative damage in steriled seedlings of Nymphoides peltatum

The effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) on Pb accumulation and its influence on nutrient elements, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, generation of superoxide anion (O₂ ^?·), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content, antioxidant enzymes activities, soluble protein, and photosynthetic pigment, as well as chloroplast ultrastructure in steriled seedlings of Nymphoides peltata (S. G. Gmel.) Kuntze were investigated in order to understand Pb-induced toxicity. The accumulation of Pb was found to increase in a concentration-dependent manner. Nutrient elements (Ca, K, Fe, Mn, and Mo) were also affected. MDA content and O₂ ^?· generation rate increased progressively, while H₂O₂ content first boosted up at a low Pb concentration of 12.5 μM but then declined. Guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activities increased alternately, while superoxide dismutase activity gradually fell. Negative correlations were found between Pb and soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment. Moreover, Pb exposure resulted in a significant damage of chloroplasts. Taken together, these findings supported the hypothesis that Nymphoides peltatum underwent oxidative stress induced by Pb. In addition, both the disorder of nutrient elements and the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were indicative of general disarray in the cellular functions exerted by Pb.     

The Comparative Approach on Outdoor Leisure Behavior of Urban Elderly People: A Case Study in Beijing

Abstract

With the income increase of elderly people in Beijing and the improvement of leisure facilities since 2000, the quality of elderly people leisure life in Beijing has obviously increased compared to ten years ago. According to the investigation and comparative analysis on more than 900 elderly people, who usually exercise in public parks in Beijing City, we have found out several new features of elderly people’s outdoor recreation in Beijing: the increase of the leisure time, the expansion of leisure space, the individuation of interest and the diversification of consumption. The leisure life quality evaluation index system of urban elderly people can be built based on these analyses. In order to accommodate the development tendency of elderly people’s demand for leisure diversification, we should strengthen the organization and management of elderly people’s leisure activity in urban construction, and pay more attention to function complementation between communities and parks.     

东湖沉积物和间隙水中不同形态磷的垂直分布

对武汉东湖3个样点沉积物及间隙水不同形态磷的浓度进行了测定,结果表明：(1)位于排污区附近的1号点沉积物TP浓度最大,位于湖心位置的2号点TP浓度最小;(2)3个样点沉积物中不同形态磷含量均为Fe P（铁结合态磷）所占比例最大（3885%～5914%）,LP（不稳定态磷）所占比例最小（027%～149%）;(3)东湖沉积物中活性磷含量较高,有较大的磷释放潜力;(4)东湖表层沉积物间隙水中正磷酸盐和上覆水中正磷酸盐存在较大浓度梯度,浓度梯度可能不是间隙水和上覆水之间磷交换的决定性因素     

Vulnerability of 208 endemic or endangered species in China to the effects of climate change

We assessed the vulnerability of 208 endemic or endangered species in China to the effects of climate change, as a part of the project “Research on China’s National Biodiversity and Climate Change Strategy and Action Plans”. Based on the China Species Information System, we selected comprehensive species as analysis targets, covering taxa including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and plants. We applied nine species distribution models in BIOMOD (a package of R software) to estimate the current (1991–2010) ranges and predicted future (2081–2100) ranges of these species, using six climate variables based on Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) and A1B emission scenario. The model results showed that different taxa might show diverse potential range shifts over time. The range sizes of half of the species (104 species) would decrease, and those of another half would increase. We predicted that the future remaining ranges (intersection of current and future ranges/current ranges) of 135 species would be less than 50 % of their current range sizes. Species that are both endemic and critically endangered would lose more of their range than others. In summary, the most vulnerable species are currently found on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, in the Hengduan Mountain Range, and southern China. Future action plans dealing with climate change in China should be prepared with consideration for vulnerable species and their habitats.     

Effects of load carriage and work boots on lower limb kinematics of industrial workers

Load and footwear condition are two crucial elements varying the kinematic responses during walking, which probably lead to chronic injury. Fifteen healthy male individuals with no obvious gait abnormalities participated in this study. Apart from a no-load condition, four external load conditions with two load levels were investigated. Work boots were compared with running shoes to determine footwear effects. Significant impacts were found for lower limb range of motion at certain joints when carrying loads. A greater hip and ankle flexion–extension while wearing the work boots indicated that participants needed to lift the leg higher to complete toe clearance off the walking surface. Work boots also increased the vertical excursion of the center of body mass, which may impact body balance and induce falling. No significant influencing pattern of carrying modes was found, which was probably due to the light load and relatively stable mode of shoulder carrying.     

基于X列表的云应急管理体系构建

针对非常规突发事件的链式演化特征,为实现云应急环境下云应急管理体系内资源的智能化配置和敏捷高效的按需服务,对接入云端的应急资源、服务进行面向应急管理应用的分类,构建以"感知-决策-处置"为主线的云应急体系的按需服务机制;运用X列表(Bill of X,BOX)模型,分析云应急体系结构,提出面向云应急的X列表体系结构模型,建立列表要素间的语义描述框架和关联关系模型;设计了云应急模式下基于X列表的云应急平台的架构,以期为应急管理活动提供参考和依据。