青岛某小区景观湖水水质年变化规律研究

为了获得青岛某住宅小区内景观湖水质全年变化规律,并确定最佳换水时间,采用国标法及行业标准法检测该小区景观湖及其水源的全年水质变化.结果表明:景观湖水各水质指标全年波动明显,均受季节和降水情况影响,在降水丰沛的8-10月份水质较好;除pH全年符合景观水质标准外,其余指标均有月份超标;除COD浓度较高外,其余指标9-11月均较低,水质较好;水源白沙河的水质多在降水丰沛的9、10月份水质较好,综合看来,9-10月份为每年的最佳换水时间.     

西安地区夏季臭氧的模拟研究

本文利用WRF-CHEM模式对关中地区2015年7月25日至30日的一次O_3污染事件进行了数值模拟。通过与地面观测数据对比发现,WRF-CHEM模式基本上可以合理模拟西安和咸阳城市群O_3和NO_2的质量浓度的时空分布。敏感性试验表明,在臭氧生成的峰值期(12:00—18:00 LT),交通源是城市重要的O_3源,无论在高浓度臭氧条件下还是低浓度臭氧条件下,贡献量都高于15μg?m~(-3),平均贡献量均高于24μg?m~(-3);工业源仅在臭氧峰值生成时期贡献明显;生物源无论在高浓度还是低浓度臭氧的条件下,平均贡献都在16μg?m~(-3)以上;居民源的贡献基本低于10μg?m~(-3);能源生产源有降低O_3质量浓度的作用,但在臭氧生成的峰值时期,能源生产源可以增加O_3质量浓度。随着交通源排放量的增加,O_3的质量浓度逐渐增加,尤其在臭氧的峰值期。在臭氧生成峰值期,当氮氧化物(NOx)减少50%时,除城市中心臭氧浓度略增加,其他地区臭氧质量浓度均在下降;当挥发性有机物(VOCs)减少50%时,城市群内臭氧质量浓度都在下降;当NO_x和VOCs同时减少50%时,臭氧质量浓度都呈现下降趋势,减少量可达20μg?m~(-3)以上。在整个研究区域内,H_2O_2/HNO_3比值均在0.6以上,这表明西安和咸阳城市群属于NO_x控制区。     

畜禽粪便和污水中金霉素及其代谢物的液质联用( LC-MS/MS)检测方法研究

建立了畜禽粪便和污水中金霉素(CTC)及其两种代谢物——差向金霉素(ECTC)和异金霉素(ICTC)的LC - MS/MS检测方法.粪便样品经Na2EDTA - Mcllvaine缓冲液(pH=4)分别提取3次,离心,收集上清液,过Waters的Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化、浓缩.用6mL0.01 mol·L-1草酸甲醇溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,40℃水浴氮气吹至近干,甲醇定容至1 mL,过0.22μm滤膜,用LC- MS/MS测定.污水取100 mL经滤纸和0.65 μm纤维膜过滤后,加1 mL 5% Na2EDTA溶液,调节pH值至7.0,然后过预先用5 mL甲醇和10 mL Na2EDTrA- Mcllvaine缓冲液(pH=4)活化过的Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱,净化、浓缩,后用6 mL0.01 mol·L-1草酸甲醇溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,40℃水浴氮气吹至近干,甲醇定容至1 mL,过0.22 μm滤膜,上机测定.该方法在10～1 000μg·L-1之间呈线性相关,金霉素、差向金霉素和异金霉素的平均回收率分别为79.64% ～ 97.23%、75.34% ～ 98.37%和73.67% ～ 95.08%,日间偏差在1.78% ～6.18%,日内偏差在1.07%～6.28%.粪便样品和污水样品中的检测限分别为20μg·kg-1和10μg·L-1,符合作为检测方法的要求.     

Combined effect of iron and zinc on micronutrient levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A nutrient solution experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Fe and Zn supply on Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations in wheat plants. The experiment used a factorial combination of two Fe levels (0 and 5 mg l(-1)) and three Zn levels (0, 0.1 and 10 mg I(-1)). The supply of Fe (5 mg l(-1)) and Zn (0.1 mg l(-1)) increased plant dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content compared to the Fe or Zn deficient (0 mg 11) treatments. However, excess Zn supply (10 mg l(-1)) reduced plant dry weights and leaf chlorophyll content. Iron supply (5 mg l(-1)) reduced wheat Zn concentrations by 49%, Cu concentrations by 34%, and Mn by 56% respectively. Zinc supply (10 mg l(-1)) reduced wheat Fe concentrations by an average of 8%, but had no significant effect on Cu and Mn concentrations. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations were negatively correlated with root- and leaf-Fe concentrations, but positively correlated with stem-Fe concentrations. Leaf-Mn concentrations were negatively correlated with root-, stem- and leaf-Zn concentrations.     

Simulating spatiotemporal dynamics of urbanization with multi-agent systems—A case study of the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA

Urbanization is a human-dominated process and has greatly impacted biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and regional climate. To understand the socioeconomic drivers of urbanization and project future urban landscape changes, multi-agent systems provide a powerful tool. We develop an agent-based model of urban growth for the Phoenix metropolitan region of the United States, which simulates the behavior of regional authorities, real estate developers, residents, and environmentalists. The BDI (Beliefs-Desires-Intentions) structure is employed to simulate the agents behavior and decision models. The heterogeneity of agents is reflected by adjusting parameters according to the agents’ beliefs, desires and preferences. Three scenarios, baseline, economic development priority and environmental protection, are developed and analyzed. The combination of multi-agent system and spatial regression model is employed to predict the future urban development of the Phoenix metropolitan region. Landscape metrics are used to compare the spatial patterns of the urban landscape resulting from different scenarios in different times. In general, with the rapid urban expansion, the shape of urban patches will become more regular as many of them become coalesced. The spatial analysis of urban development through modeling individual and group decisions and human-environment interactions with a multi-agent systems approach can enhance our understanding of the socioeconomic driving forces and mechanisms of urban development.     

镧、铈、钕对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用

轻稀土元素进入生物体后主要累积于肝脏,进入肝细胞,分布于细胞核上.为探讨轻稀土元素对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用,选用5周龄雄性封闭群(ICR)小鼠灌喂10、20和40 mg·kg-1的稀土元素镧(La)、铈(Ce)和钕(Nd),6周后测定小鼠肝细胞核中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(...     

别有用心的货币之战

2010年11月3日．美联储宣布推出第二轮定量宽松货币政策。说白了就是开动“印钞机”,让美元贬值．以此来转嫁本国的金融风险,赤裸裸地搜刮其他国家的财富。各国为了自保,纷纷推出应对举措,让人担心世界经济离货币战仪一步之遥。有资料分析,在过去的40年内,美国滥用美元“世界货币”地位,曾发动过三次货币战,打击其他经济体,而美国资本集团却从中赚得盆满钵盈,下面让我们简要回顾三次货币战,更清楚地认识这次实行定量宽松货币政策的真正用意。     

合流制排水系统雨天溢流污染CMB法源解析

对上海市某合流制排水系统服务范围内的地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物的污染物特性进行检测分析,通过对比不同污染源的污染特征,确定Zn、NH+4-N、P的含量分别在地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物中具有特异性且相对稳定,提出以Zn/P、NH+4-N/Zn、P/K这3个无量纲比值作为上述3个排放源各自的特征参数,据此探讨了CMB法在合流制雨天溢流污染源解析中的应用,结果表明,地表径流、旱流污水和管道沉积物对溢流污染的平均贡献率分别为42.8%、12.2%、23.8%,解析结果可基本反映CSO污染的构成情况.研究方法与结果为合流制系统雨天溢流污染源解析提供了参考.     

Optimizing the system-wide layout of sewage treatment plants based on enumeration and the orthogonal test

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Optimizing the locations of sewage treatment plants has enormous practical significance. In this study, a large-system mathematical model was...