Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon

In order to provide comprehensive utilization of high concentration CO for mono-carbon (C1) chemical industry, the purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas is of great concern. In this research, activated carbon (AC) modified by different impregnants were used for removal of PH₃, H₂S, SO₂, COS, and CS₂ in yellow phosphorus off-gas. For the removal of PH₃, AC impregnated with 0.10 mol L⁻¹ CuAc₂ was proved to be the best adsorbent. And removal efficiency of H₂S could be significantly enhanced by AC impregnated with 7% Na₂CO₃. The results of plant experiments suggested that the total concentration of the impurities in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 1 mg Nm⁻³ after purification operation. The metal-modified activated carbon (MMAC) was systematically characterized in terms of XPS, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption reaction mechanism was also investigated. As a result, the yellow phosphorus off-gas purified in this study can be used as a raw material gas in the C1 chemical industry.     

矿井乏风逆流氧化反应的数值模拟

在理论分析和合理简化的基础上,建立了矿井乏风逆流氧化的一维数学模型。并采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件(Fluent)模拟了其逆流氧化反应过程,探讨了主要工况参数(如流速、当量比和半周期)对逆流氧化反应温度和反应速率的影响。模拟了半周期为30s、当量比为0.2、流速分别为0.06,0.1和0.2 m/s时温度场和反应速率的分布情况。总结出有关逆流氧化反应装置的燃烧特性以及工况参数对其燃烧特性影响的规律,对提高其燃烧效率和能源的利用率有重要作用。     

2006年我国煤矿特大事故的统计分析

本文对2006年我国煤矿特大事故进行分月统计,从各月事故发生的次数、死亡人数、相对于2005年的事故变化情况、引起事故发生原因等进行分析,得出:我国2006年的煤矿特大事故中,瓦斯事故仍是最主要引发因素,瓦斯爆炸为最主要事故类型,同时,在对原因进行分析后提出了相应措施.     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.     

ADMS模型在电厂脱硫系统改造中的应用

ADMS模型拥有山区模块,适宜于重庆特殊的地形条件。文章应用ADMS模型预测和评估重庆市某大型火电厂GGH取消前后对主城区大气环境质量的影响,从环境效益的角度论证取消GGH系统的可行性。结果表明,取消GGH系统将使烟气抬升高度降低108 m,近地表大气污染物浓度有一定程度的升高,但相对于各污染物年均、日均标准浓度限值,其升高值的贡献都不超过0.1%,取消GGH系统不会对主城环境空气质量造成影响。在脱硫设施非正常运行的条件下,取消GGH系统将使近地表二氧化硫日均浓度有明显的升高,总体升高9.7%,但平均升高值只占二氧化硫日均浓度标准限值的0.63%,对环境也不会造成明显的影响。取消GGH系统,可提高脱硫设施的运行率,进而减少因脱硫设施故障而可能增加二氧化硫排放的风险。     

宁夏电网短路电流水平分析及限制措施

针对未来2~3 年宁夏电网短路水平,通过计算, 分析了超标点短路电流增高的主要原因,从网架结构、设备更换及运行方式调整等方面提出了限制措施。应用结果表明:限制措施确保了电网安全稳定运行。     

两起GIS带电设备异常现象的研讨

针对两起550kV GIS 不同带电设备产生的异常现象,通过特高频、超声波、红外成像、SF₆气体成分等带电测试方法进行全方位、多角度分析与对比。结果表明:磁致伸缩引起的机械振动不会给GIS设备运行带来危害,但机械振动放电引起的异常现象将会对GIS安全运行带来一定程度的危险。     

Impacts of surfactants on the ecotoxicological effects of TiO2-NP and/or Cd contamination in sediments北大核心CSCD

Surfactants may alter the interaction between engineered nanoparticles (ENP) and coexisting pollutants, and further influence the ecotoxicity of these pollutants. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDS) on the ecotoxicological effects of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination in freshwater sediments by deposit-feeding gastropoda Bellamya aeroginosa. We investigated the effects of TiO2-NP and/or Cd contamination in the presence of different concentrations of SDS on DNA damage, Na+, K+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels in the hepatopancreas of B. aeroginosa following 21-d chronic sediment bioassay. The results showed that low concentration (5 μg g-1) of Cd had no toxicity to B. aeroginosa, while relatively high concentration (25 μg g-1) displayed obvious toxicity, and that SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of Cd to B. aeroginosa. TiO2-NP with nontoxic concentration could enhance the toxicity of Cd with low concentration to B. aeroginosa, but had no effects on the toxicity of Cd with high concentration. SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination to B. aeroginosa in a SDS-concentration-dependent manner. When assessing the potential environmental risk of ENP, we should not only focus on the toxicity of ENP itself, or the interaction between ENP and coexisting contaminants, but also should consider the potential impacts of surfactants and other environmental factors.     

CdTe/ZnSQDs在小鼠肾脏中的药代动力学特征

为了解Cd Te/Zn SQDs(Cd Te/Zn S量子点)在小鼠肾脏中的药代动力学特征,选择雄性ICR(Institute of Cancer Research)小鼠为动物模型,每只单次尾静脉注射5 nmol的Cd Te/Zn SQDs(粒径约为6 nm,最大发射波长590 nm)。在尾静脉注射Cd Te/Zn SQDs 15 min、1 h、6 h、24 h、72 h、168 h、2 w、4 w和6 w时剖取小鼠的肾脏,消化后使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测其中的Cd(镉)和Te(碲)含量,Cd和Te在小鼠肾脏中浓度随时间的变化均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,Cd和Te含量分别在168 h和72 h时达到峰值(60.42±8.85)ng·g~(-1)和(18.69±0.97)ng·g~(-1),之后逐渐下降,将二者的含量以摩尔比表示,随着给药时间的延长,摩尔(Cd):摩尔(Te)由2.71:1逐渐变成1.39:1。利用3P87计算Cd和Te在肾脏中的药代动力学参数,结果发现Cd和Te在肾脏中的Vd(表观分布体积)分别为(823.14±82.76)g·kg~(-1)和(686.28±53.13)g·kg~(-1)(P0.05);AUC(药物浓度-时间曲线下面积)分别为(24.48±2.52)μg·g~(-1)·h和(7.41±0.60)μg·g~(-1)·h(P0.01);CL(清除率)分别为(0.90±0.11)g·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)和(1.02±0.13)g·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)(P0.05);t1/2(半衰期)分别为(617.02±8.57)h和(458.21±1.85)h(P0.01)。研究提示Cd和Te在肾脏含量的摩尔比随时间变化不同,QDs在体内发生了化学降解;二者的药代动力学参数不同,Cd在肾脏中的代谢速度明显慢于Te,游离的Cd2+可能引起肾脏毒性。     

Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land‐Use Changes along the North American East Coast: A 110‐Year Historical Reconstruction

The North American east coast (NAEC) region experienced significant climate and land‐use changes in the past century. To explore how these changes have affected land water cycling, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM 2.0) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of runoff and river discharge during 1901‐2010 in the study area. Annual runoff over the NAEC was 420 ± 61 mm/yr (average ± standard deviation). Runoff increased in parts of the northern NAEC but decreased in some areas of the southern NAEC. Annual freshwater discharge from the study area was 378 ± 61 km³/yr (average ± standard deviation). Factorial simulation experiments suggested that climate change and variability explained 97.5% of the interannual variability of runoff and also resulted in the opposite changes in runoff in northern and southern regions of the NAEC. Land‐use change reduced runoff by 5‐22 mm/yr from 1931 to 2010, but the impacts were divergent over the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain areas of the southern NAEC. Land‐use change impacts were more significant at local and watershed spatial scales rather than at regional scales. Different responses of runoff to changing climate and land‐use should be noted in future water resource management. Hydrological impacts of afforestation and deforestation as well as urbanization should also be noted by land‐use policy makers.