Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

火电厂低氮燃烧改造技术的应用

本文介绍了氮氧化物产生的机理以及低氮燃烧技术在火电厂大型燃煤锅炉的应用,简述其技术特点和改造措施,并通过试验测试了改造后的效果。     

活性炭吸附与生物活性炭脱臭效果的比较研究

针对污水收集与处理系统中恶臭气体的组成与特性,比较分析不同情况下活性炭吸附与生物活性炭的脱臭效果。当干活性碳总处理气量达到1.3m~3/g时,出现穿透。将吸附饱和的活性炭填料塔转为生物滴滤反应器后,仍能较快的实现挂膜生长,达到满意的处理效果。直接运行的生物活性炭滴滤器对H_2S的处理效率在95％以上,并具有较强的恢复能力。H_2S平均出口浓度为0.052mg/m~3。循环液pH值与盐度在一定范围内对系统影响不大。     

不同石化污泥配比的堆肥处理对青梗菜生长的影响

试验针对石化污泥生物堆肥,开展了五种不同物料配比和是否添加微生物菌剂的对比试验。试验结果表明:随着堆肥物料中石化污泥配比的提高,堆肥的含水率增大,种植青梗菜的平均单株株高、株重减小,单位面积产量也降低。堆肥物料配比相同的处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅴ对比发现,堆肥处理过程中未添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅴ的青梗菜的平均单株株高、株重、单位面积产量显著低于添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅱ,甚至低于石化污泥配比为100%并添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅳ,试验表明,堆肥过程中添加微生物菌剂,其作用不仅可以提高石化污泥生物堆肥的堆体温度,缩短堆肥周期,而且可提高堆肥在农业种植应用中的效果。     

Insertable thin film thermocouples for in situ transient temperature monitoring in ultrasonic metal welding of battery tabs

Real-time monitoring and control of temperature in ultrasonic joining of battery tabs and coupons are important for the quality improvement and cost reduction of battery assembly. However, there have always been difficulties in accurate and real-time measurement of temperature by conventional sensors for practical implementation. In this study, an innovative method is developed to provide an enabling technology for the in situ transient temperature monitoring, which could provide reliable feedback signals for potential control of ultrasonic joining processes. Micro thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) were fabricated on thin silicon substrates, which were then inserted in the welding anvil as a permanent feature so that the sensors were always located about 100 μm directly under the welding spot during joining of multilayer Ni-coated Cu thin sheets for battery assembly. Good repeatability was demonstrated while a temperature rise of up to 650 °C was obtained due to the closeness of the sensors to the welding spot. The inserts with thin film sensors remained functional after welding experiments. This method has a great potential for in situ transient temperature monitoring, and thus the control of ultrasonic joining processes to realize a practical smart joining system.     

塑料和橡胶类废物的热物理与焚烧特性研究的进展

随着社会和科技的发展，塑料和橡胶废弃量与日俱增，已成为城市垃圾的重要组成，由于这类废弃的聚合物给环境带来了污染问题，怎样合理地处理和利用已经成为一项重要的研究课题，本文对塑料和橡胶类的废物的理化性质，热值，焚烧特性，污染特性进行了论述，并根据它们的热物理及焚烧特性提出了进一步优化废物焚烧炉，完善低污染，低腐蚀，低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺的一些设想。     

岩溶石笋的古环境研究进展

全球变化研究的热点问题是获得十年到百年甚至年月分辨的气候变化规律。岩溶石笋因其诸多优点 ,将在古环境研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文从当前研究的现状出发 ,在石笋微层年层对比、微层形成机制、稳定同位素记录、灰度、生长率、微量元素以及紫外激光诱发荧光等方面的研究进行了综述 ,并结合自身研究成果 ,提出了自己的看法     

我国现阶段应采取的节水措施

文中提及我国现阶段节水工作要从提高新水资源利用率入手，在进行节水宣传教育的同时，建立能动的节水机制，充分利用宝贵的降水资源，发挥可利用新水资源最大的效率，为我国未来经济社会的发展创造有利的条件。     

天津临港滨海湿地公园重金属污染特征及风险评价

为了解天津临港滨海湿地公园重金属的污染特征及环境风险,检测了天津近海海域6种常见重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As在湿地水体和沉积物中的浓度,并采用重金属污染指数法、物种敏感性分布法和地累积指数法与潜在生态风险指数法分别对水体和沉积物中的重金属风险进行评估。结果表明:水体中只检出Cr、Cu、Zn和As,各采样点浓度均值分别为50.93、2.56、38.21和8.67 μg/L,其中Cu、Zn、As浓度在各采样点均未超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅳ类水质标准;沉积物中检出Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb,各采样点浓度均值分别为66.28、24.12、91.37、9.83、0.88和20.38 mg/kg,其中Cr、Cu、Zn和Cd不同程度超过我国土壤环境背景值。对水体重金属的风险评价,重金属污染指数法评价结果为低污染,主要污染重金属为Cr;物种敏感性分布法评价结果为中~高生态风险,As为导致高风险的主要重金属元素。对沉积物重金属的风险评价,地累积指数法评价结果表明Cd为中度污染,Cr、Cu、Zn、As和Pb为无污染或轻度污染;潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,研究区域为中、高生态风险程度。由于不同评价方法的参照状态、风险受体或保护目标不同,导致评价结果存在明显差异,建议根据风险高的评价结果采取防治措施,从而更严格地保护湿地公园生态系统。