有机污染物在水体表面微层的富集行为

研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）和阴离子表面活性剂在水体表面微层的富集行为．现场分析结果表明邻苯二甲酸酯在小型封闭湖泊表面微层中存在富集现象,富集倍数在１～１１之间,湖水的理化性质及采样方式均影响富集倍数的大小．室内微宇宙研究表明ＤＢＰ和ＤＥＨＰ在微宇宙水体表面微层中均存在富集现象,富集倍数分别为２．８１和１．９８,藻类、颗粒物和腐殖酸也同时在微宇宙水体表面微层中富集．当水体中加入表面活性物质和腐殖酸时,邻苯二甲酸酯（ＤＢＰ、ＤＥＨＰ）在表面微层的富集倍数随加入的２种物质浓度的增大而降低．对阴离子表面活性剂的富集动力学研究表明,当表面微层遭到破坏后,其在表面微层达富集平衡需较长时间,水体浓度也影响富集倍数     

广西不同地理区域森林土壤水文物理性质研究

对广西９个不同区域森林土壤（０－１００ｃｍ）水文物理性质进行测定,结果表明,不同林型的土壤容重为０．５４～１５５ｇ／ｃｍ３;总孔隙度３９％一９６．４％;最大持水量４１１．７～７５９．６ｍｍ;通气度３．２％～２７．６％;平均渗透速度０．７９～３８．５ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ。不同土类及林型的土壤容重的大小为;黄壤＜红壤和阔叶林或针阔叶混交林＜针叶林,而总孔隙度、持水量、通气度及渗透速度则相反。     

活性污泥系统优化设计对不确定性参数的灵敏度研究

在活性污泥系统优化设计模型参数不确定性分析的基础上,考察了进水负荷、生物动力学参数、曝气设备性能参数和二沉池浓缩常数变化对优化设计的影响。灵敏度分析结果表明,对优化设计影响较大的参数为：进水水量水质、与氧转移效率相关的校正参数以及二沉池的浓缩常数等。研究结果对于低灵敏度系统的设计,提高优化设计结果的工程实用性具有重要的意义。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备磁载光催化剂

悬浮态的光催化反应器相比固载的光催化反应器有更高的光催化效率。但是如何在光催化反应完成后使催化剂与水溶液的分离 ,成为了一个关键的问题。本研究采用溶胶 凝胶法将二氧化钛直接沉积在磁性颗粒的表面 ,制备出了磁载的光催化剂。这种催化剂在保留了磁性能具有可磁分离的基础上又具有很好的光催化降解效果。     

有机固体废物堆肥化处理的微生物学机理研究

由于符合持续发展的理念 ,利用微生物技术处理有机固体废物越来越受到人们的重视 ,其核心问题则是木质纤维素的生物降解。随着园林废物等高木质纤维素含量的城市生活垃圾的不断增加 ,以及对农业固体废物和食品工业废物再利用的需要 ,这一领域的研究取得了很大的进展。在研究中 ,针对好氧堆肥和厌氧发酵 2项主要的微生物处理技术 ,对其优势微生物菌群、不同降解底物和微生物降解动力学方面的最新研究进展进行了回顾和总结 ,并对环境微生物制剂的应用以及有机固体废物的微生物处理技术的发展做了合理的展望。     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal. ● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate. ● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment. ● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling. Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.     

新疆油田高含硫化氢区块污染防治措施研究

针对车89井区的高含硫问题,新疆油田研究出化学除硫、负压闪蒸除硫和催化曝气除硫技术以及相关的配套工艺,并成功进行了现场试验;同时,为杜绝在车89井区环境敏感区域内污染事故的发生,新疆油田加大内外环保宣传软硬件建设力度,并依据专业评价实施了一系列防控管理措施,达到了预防在先、技术在先、管理在先的工作目标。     

浙江省沿海地区农村房屋抗风情况调研

对浙江省沿海地区的农村房屋抗风情况进行了调研,总结了被破坏房屋的主要结构特点。在对现有房屋的统计中发现相对不富裕地区高达60%以上的房屋属于抗风能力差和较差的,而一些比较富裕且受过台风袭击有过惨痛教训地区的房屋抗风能力差和较差的仅在20%以下。进一步研究发现抗风能力较好的房屋大都是建造年代不久,多为混凝土现浇板屋盖,上部多为框架或砖混结构,而抗风能力较差和差的大都为建造年代已久,多为小青瓦屋面,上部结构多为砖木结构或构造措施较差的砖混结构。同时对当地村民传统的"砖头压瓦"防护措施进行理论验算,得出当风速超过台风界限风速时,屋面上的砖头将会飞起,该措施应该避免。