一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水试验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能。试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

典型地铁车站结构大型振动台试验相似比分析

以典型地铁车站结构的大型振动台试验为基础,对试验相似比设计和试验结果的相似比精确度进行了分析。基于Buckinghamπ定理,采用一致相似率分析方法,建立以覆土质量为主要控制因素的等效密度方程。将需要施加的人工配重与非结构荷载统一考虑,分析地铁地下结构欠人工质量模型的相似比。研究不同的覆土厚度对重力效应的影响程度,计算了试验中的实际相似比,并通过试验测试结果证明其在提高计算精度上的有效性。结果表明,随着结构上覆土层厚度的增加,速度、频率、加速度的重力效应与人工质量模型的重力效应越接近,且加速度重力效应精度的提高幅度最大。通过调整试验条件下实际覆土层厚度,反演实际相似比,可以有效提高相似比设计的精确度。     

地裂缝上框架结构的抗震性能分析

地裂缝是严重影响我国人类生活、生产建设的主要地质灾害之一,是一种独特的地质灾害,近年来已引起人们的关注,它广泛分布于全国许多地方。框架结构是一种广泛使用的结构形式。由于人类活动或地质构造运动形成地裂缝,进而造成房屋开裂或倾斜。该文针对位于抗震设防区的框架结构房屋,分别用底部剪力法和PKPM静力分析法,来定量研究在地裂缝影响下框架结构的抗震性能,为双重灾害影响下结构抗震鉴定加固提供依据。     

浅析大沽河流域水质状况及变化趋势

大沽河流域监测数据显示:2012年,大沽河干流水质良好,功能区达标率为100%,多数断面综合污染指数呈丰水期枯水期平水期。大沽河主要支流水质总体为轻度污染,主要污染指标为五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、氟化物,功能区达标率为68.8%,从污染较重河流(桃源河、云溪河、洙河下游)不同水期综合污染指数来看,桃源河和洙河下游呈丰水期﹥平水期﹥枯水期;云溪河由于贯穿胶州城区,受农业面源、降水因素影响较小,呈枯水期﹥丰水期﹥平水期。2006—2012年,大沽河干流水质基本保持稳定,主要支流水质呈改善趋势。     

松花江(黑龙江省段)流域水环境承载力指标体系构建研究

针对流域水环境承载力指标体系亟待解决的问题,介绍了流域水环境承载力指标体系构建进展与存在的问题,提出了流域水环境承载力指标体系构建的改进措施,对松花江流域水环境承载力指标体系构建,提出了改进指标体系的构建原则、构建程序,分析影响因素,提出流域水环境承载力内涵,从水资源量、水资源消耗量、水资源质量影响三方面出发选取了指标,构建了松花江流域水环境承载力的三层递阶层次结构的指标体系,为评价与预测该流域水环境承载力奠定理论基础。     

可再生胺类脱硫剂的选择研究

采用哌嗪等二元胺和二乙醇胺为吸收剂,对模拟烟气进行SO2的吸收解吸实验研究,筛选出性能优异的吸收剂,并考察添加剂H2 S O 4对其性能的影响。实验表明:可再生胺类吸收剂脱硫率可接近100%,二元胺吸收剂较醇胺的SO 2吸收量大、pH值随时间变化慢、首次解吸率高;羟乙基支链对胺类吸收剂的抗氧化能力、SO2吸收量和首次解吸率均有影响,环状二元胺比链状二元胺的抗氧化能力好、首次解吸率高;在N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液中添加硫酸构成N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/H 2S O 4脱硫体系后,脱硫率未受影响、SO2吸收量变小、首次解吸率显著提高,具有更好的循环使用性能。     

城镇污水处理厂脱氮除磷好氧污泥颗粒化研究

采用序批式生物反应器(SBR)培养好氧颗粒污泥处理模拟废水,优化好氧颗粒污泥内部好氧-兼氧-厌氧微环境,在反应器的快速启动、稳定运行阶段分别考察不同优化条件下系统的脱氮除磷性能。提出了优化污泥沉降时间、调控曝气方式等好氧污泥快速颗粒化途径,并研究排泥方式对颗粒污泥反应器稳定性的影响,通过强化脱氮除磷功能菌富集,实现氮磷同步高效去除。     

氯苯和间甲酚对斑马鱼胚胎和仔鱼联合毒理效应研究

方法:采用斑马鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育技术,分别用不同浓度的氯苯和间甲酚混合液对斑马鱼胚胎和仔鱼进行暴露试验。结果:两种受试物联合对斑马鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育表现不同的联合毒性。0hpf染毒主要表现为:对24 h胚胎尾部延展为拮抗作用,48 h水肿、72 h孵化和畸形均为协同作用;48 h对仔鱼毒性为由相加作用向拮抗作用的转变,在24 h、72 h和96 h联合毒性均为协同作用。结论:氯苯和间甲酚联合作用对斑马鱼胚胎和仔鱼存在毒性。