一种新型铋基光催化剂的合成及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法合成铋基光催化剂Bi4VO8Br,通过X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜等手段对其进行表征.选择甲基橙为目标降解物来评价不同条件下合成的Bi4VO8Br在可见光下的光催化活性,发现pH 3、反应时间15 h、反应温度160℃为材料水热合成的最佳条件.考察了Bi4VO8Br在可见光及紫外光下对几种农药和增塑剂的光催化降解性能,显示了Bi4VO8Br对不易光解的含苯环有机物的可见光高活性.五氯酚的光催化过程影响因素优化结果表明,可见光和紫外光分别照射120 min和20 min,其降解率分别达到97%和99%,Bi4VO8Br表面上活性基团的捕获即空穴的氧化作用是主要反应原理.     

Past,present, and future use of phosphorus in Chinese agriculture and its influence on phosphorus losses

Large inputs of phosphorus (P) in chemical fertilizers and feed supplements since 1978 have improved soil P status in arable land in China, but have also created challenges by increasing P concentrations in manure and exacerbating water quality degradation. Arable land in China can be divided into five management zones based on soil P chemistry, with 15–92 % of arable land having lower P status than the agronomic optimum and 0.3–7.2 % having severe risks of P leaching losses. A scenario analysis of soil P budget and agronomic P demand during 2011–2030 highlighted the great pressure China faces in sustainable P management and the need for drastic changes in current practices. This includes new policies to reduce P supplementation of feed and improved P use efficiency by livestock and programs to expand the adoption of appropriate fertilization, soil conservation, and drainage management practices to minimize P losses.     

埋藏深度对盐岩储气库溶腔变形的影响研究

以典型的单一溶腔盐岩地下储气库为例,采用ANSYS15.0建立了盐岩储气库计算模型,并通过ANSYS-FLAC3转换软 件将所建模型导入岩土通用计算软件FLAC3D中,最后通过FLAC3D模拟了七种不同埋藏深度情况下盐岩储气库溶腔的变形 情况。数值模拟结果为:随着埋藏深度的增加,盐岩储气库位移近似呈直线增加,盐岩储气库应力同样近似线性增加; 溶腔中上部及溶腔直径最大处位移及应力最大,溶腔变形最大。根据模拟结果,推荐类似本文所建的盐岩储气库埋藏深 度应控制在800～1 000 m为宜,才能保证其运行过程中最大位移不高于1.19 m,最大应力不高于80 MPa。尽管通过 FLAC3D模拟的盐岩地下储气库溶腔形状过于单一,与实际盐岩地下储气库具有一定距离,但是不乏代表性,同样能够为 盐岩储气库运营期间的安全稳定性提供有益的借鉴作用。     

初级基质对降解菌Pseudomonas putida共代谢苯扎贝特的影响

通过对3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定还原糖含量各影响因素的筛选,优化确定了显色时间8 min,稳定时间10 min,最佳波长490 nm下进行吸光度测定的检测方法;分析分别以葡萄糖和麦芽糖作为外加碳源时,降解菌Pseudomonas putida B-31的生长情况和共代谢降解典型药物苯扎贝特(BZF)的过程。结果表明,降解菌只有在外加碳源的条件下才可正常生长,而且其在葡萄糖环境中生长得更好;拟合得到的葡萄糖、麦芽糖和BZF代谢动力学结果显示,葡萄糖对BZF去除的促进作用更为明显,同时从葡萄糖培养基中降解菌所提取的酶比活力要高于麦芽糖培养基,分析原因可能是葡萄糖所诱导的降解菌关键酶活力更强,而且还可能会产生不同的蛋白质点位。     

RBF神经网络可靠度分析方法在边坡稳定性研究中的应用

针对边坡稳定性可靠度分析,当状态函数无法显式表达且传统计算方法求解复杂问题困难时,提出一种基于ABAQUS和粒子群优化径向基函数神经网络的可靠度分析方法。基于ABAQUS的强度折减方法计算所选随机变量对应的安全系数,利用径向基函数神经网络的数据拟合功能,建立模型并映射出安全系数和随机变量之间的关系,构造响应面功能函数;利用蒙特卡罗生成的大量随机样本代入功能函数得到相应的安全系数,进而计算边坡的失稳概率和可靠度指标来反映边坡稳定性。研究结果表明:相对于传统方法,本文方法计算效率更高、误差更小,适合实际工程应用。     

Bibliometric analysis of simulated driving research from 1997 to 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the evolution footprints of simulated driving research in the past 20 years through rigorous and systematic bibliometric analysis, to provide insights regarding when and where the research was performed and by whom and how the mainstream content evolved over the years.

Methods: The analysis began with data retrieval in Web of Science with defined search terms related to simulated driving. BibExcel and CiteSpace were employed to conduct the performance analysis and co-citation network analysis; that is, probe of the performance of institutes, journals, authors, and research hotspots.

Results: A total of 3,766 documents were filtered out and presented an exponential growth from 1997 to 2016. The United States contributed the most publications as well as international collaborations followed by Germany and China. In addition, several universities in The Netherlands and the United States dominated the list of contributing institutes. The leading journals were in transportation and ergonomics. The leading researchers were also recognized among the 8,721 contributing authors, such as J. D. Lee, D. L. Fisher, J. H. Kim, and K. A. Brookhuis. Finally, the co-citation analysis illuminated the evolution of simulated driving research that covered the following topics roughly in chronological order: task-induced stress, drivers with neurological disorders, alertness and sleepiness while driving, trust toward driving assistance systems, driver distraction, the effect of drug use, the validity of simulators, and automated driving.

Conclusions: This article employed bibliometric tools to probe the contributing countries, institutes, journals, authors, and mainstream hotspots of simulated driving research in the past 20 years. A systematic bibliometric analysis of this field will help researchers realize the panorama of global simulated driving and establish future research directions.     

真菌生物滤池净化苯乙烯废气的研究

采用接种Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans的真菌生物滤池处理苯乙烯废气,考察苯乙烯在生物滤池中的净化效果和物质转化特性。苯乙烯的进气质量浓度为200～800 mg/m3,气体流量分别为0.28,0.38和0.48 m3/h,对应的气体停留时间分别为60,45和35 s。试验结果表明:苯乙烯在真菌生物滤池中有较好的处理效果,最大去除能力达66.78 g/(m3.h),真菌生物滤池中二氧化碳的产生量和苯乙烯去除量呈线性关系。微生物分析结果表明,接种的Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans在反应器内能够长期保持优势地位。     

细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫的生理生态学研究

研究了悬沙对细叶蜈蚣草(Egeria nojas)营养生殖、叶绿素、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)等影响。实验结果表明:悬沙处理96h后,各组细叶蜈蚣草断枝均能发芽,其发芽率均在60%以上,悬沙浓度<4.0g/L时,断枝新芽生长较好,悬沙浓度>6.0g/L时,新芽生长受到影响;各组细叶蜈蚣草叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均相差不大,叶绿素a/b值都在2.50以上,属于正常范围,变化幅度不大;各试验组中细叶蜈蚣草SOD和CAT相差不大,相对比较稳定,受到影响较小。因此,细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫具有较好的抗逆性,是一种在含沙量较高水体的生态修复实践中具有良好应用前景的水生植物。     

新发展阶段规划环境影响评价开展范围的几点建议

为满足当前管理需求,在厘清我国现行规划体系构成、类型及相互关系的基础上,系统梳理了空间规划、区域规划、专项规划内容特征与环境影响特点,结合近20年规划环评实践,提出规划环评开展范围调整建议。对于空间规划,建议国家级总体规划不纳入规划环评体系,省级总体规划编写环境影响篇章或说明,市、县、乡镇级总体规划编写环境影响报告书。对于区域规划,建议指导性大区域规划编写环境影响篇章或说明,非指导性大区域规划及新区、产业园区等的开发建设规划编写环境影响报告书。对于专项规划,建议将自然资源开发、能源、交通、水利、农业（含畜牧业、渔业）、工业等专项规划纳入规划环评体系,指导性规划编制环境影响篇章或说明,非指导性规划编制环境影响报告书。