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541.
542.
室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对污染区和对照区 2 0 0 0多名学龄儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率比较 ,并运用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法 ,就室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响 ,进行了研究。结果显示 ,污染区室内外空气污染较严重 ,大气中TSP、SO2 和 NOx 的浓度均超过国家二级标准 ,其儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率明显高于对照区。对儿童呼吸系统发病有显著影响的环境因素是 :大气污染、被动吸烟、家庭燃煤、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度。其中咳嗽与以上五个因素有显著的正相关关系 (P<0 .0 5) ;除被动吸烟外 ,支气管炎与其它四个因素呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;咳痰与大气污染、被动吸烟、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度 ,气喘和呼吸系统疾病住院率与大气污染和室内油烟污染正相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 5)。哮喘与室内外空气污染无显著的统计学联系 相似文献
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微藻固碳已经成为消减温室气体排放的新的研究热点。利用静态吸收方法,考查了通人纯CO2对普通小球藻生长特点、固定CO2效率以及藻液pH值变异的影响。结果表明:通入纯CO2使小球藻生长延滞期显著延长,比普通培养延长10~12d,对其他生长阶段的影响不大;小球藻固定CO2速率可分为2个过程,即物理固碳过程和生物固碳过程,前者在藻细胞延滞期发生,峰值由CO。溶解于培养液造成,后者在藻细胞生长的指数期、稳定期和衰退期发生,峰值由藻细胞指数生长造成,2个过程中,固定CO2速率的变化趋势都是先增大后降低;纯CO2条件下,藻液pH值变化速率高,4d内,藻液即被酸化,随后藻液pH值变化速率逐渐降低,且pH值稳定在适宜水平。因此,采用小球藻固定高浓度CO2时,建议提高接种量并加强培养前期的pH值监测和调控,以保证藻液保持适宜的pH值,并缩短培养时间,提高生物固碳效率。 相似文献
547.
淮河流域暴雨灾害时空分布及趋势规律研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选用1958~2007年淮河流域16个地面测站50 a逐日降水观测资料,利用降水距平百分率和线性趋势法以及Morlet小波分析法,对淮河流域暴雨分布的时空规律和波动演化规律进行了研究。结果显示:(1)淮河流域暴雨日数呈现3个阶段,1958~1964年和1994~2007年为暴雨日数增长期,1965~1993年为暴雨日数减少期,且大多数年份正负距平约1~2 a交替出现,淮河流域暴雨日数在进入21世纪以来明显增加;(2)淮河流域6~8月份暴雨量偏多的年份有13次,从20世纪80年代开始洪涝也较为频繁,尤其2000年以后雨量明显增加;(3)Morlet小波的时频变化规律研究显示,淮河流域显示出一定的周期性时间序列,2、5、15、27 a是重要的周期性时序,淮河南北两部分表现出不同的暴雨发展趋势,淮河南部地区是暴雨中心地带,南强北弱的趋势日趋明显 相似文献
548.
近50年华北平原干热风时空分布特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
干热风是影响华北平原冬小麦生长发育及产量形成的重大农业气象灾害之一,利用华北平原48个站点1961-2008年的逐日气象资料,分析了近50年来各站点的干热风(高温低湿型/雨后青枯型)日数及区域分异规律,结果表明:就地理空间而言,华北平原干热风日数总体上呈现中部高南北低的分布趋势;在发生时间上,除南部个别地区有增加的趋势外,大部分区域干热风日数呈明显的递减趋势。进一步的分类研究则表明:高温低湿型的与干热风总体时空分布趋势相近,而雨后青枯型虽然也呈下降趋势,但下降幅度远小于干热风总体情况,并且在南部、西北部日数反而呈现增加趋势。了解干热风的时空分布特征,可为进一步建立干热风监测预警模式奠定一定的理论和应用基础,并可为当地农业生产决策提供参考。 相似文献
549.
Gao Ling Shi Lai Qing Lou Shuai Zhang Xue Wei Xia Qing Sheng Cai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8435-8445
Field studies were conducted to investigate arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contamination in agricultural soils and wheat crops at two areas in Huaibei, China. Area A is in the proximity of Shuoli coal mine. In area B, three coal mines and a coal cleaning plant were distributed. The potential health risk of As, Cu, and Zn exposure to the local inhabitants through consumption of wheat grains was also estimated. The results showed that significantly higher (p?<?0.05) concentrations of As, Cu, and Zn were found in soils collected from area B than in those from area A. Arsenic concentrations in wheat sampled from area A were negatively correlated with the distance from the coal mine (p?<?0.001). Concentrations of Cu and Zn in wheat seedlings and grains collected from area B were significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than in those collected from area A, with the exception of Zn in wheat seedlings. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in most wheat grain samples were above the permissible limits of Cu and Zn in edible plants set by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The hazard index of aggregate risk through consumption of wheat grains was 2.3–2.4 for rural inhabitants and 1.4–1.5 for urban inhabitants. The average intake of inorganic As for rural inhabitants in Huaibei was above 10 μg day?1. These findings indicated that the inhabitants around the coal mine are experiencing a significant potential health risk due to the consumption of locally grown wheat. 相似文献
550.
Bo Gao Hai Guo Xin-Ming Wang Xiu-Ying Zhao Zhen-Hao Ling Zhou Zhang Teng-Yu Liu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2398-2409
From 28 November to 23 December 2009, 24-h?PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously at six sites in Guangzhou. Concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) together with certain molecular tracers for vehicular emissions (i.e., hopanes and elemental carbon), coal combustion (i.e., picene), and biomass burning (i.e., levoglucosan) were determined. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model combined with tracer data was applied to explore the source contributions to PAHs. Three sources were identified by both inspecting the dominant tracer(s) in each factor and comparing source profiles derived from PMF with determined profiles in Guangzhou or in the Pearl River Delta region. The three sources identified were vehicular emissions (VE), biomass burning (BB), and coal combustion (CC), accounting for 11?±?2 %, 31?±?4 %, and 58?±?4 % of the total PAHs, respectively. CC replaced VE to become the most important source of PAHs in Guangzhou, reflecting the effective control of VE in recent years. The three sources had different contributions to PAHs with different ring sizes, with higher BB contributions (75?±?3 %) to four-ring PAHs such as pyrene and higher CC contributions (57?±?4 %) to six-ring PAHs such as benzo[ghi]perylene. Temporal variations of VE and CC contributions were probably caused by the change of weather conditions, while temporal variations of BB contributions were additionally influenced by the fluctuation of BB emissions. Source contributions also showed some spatial variations, probably due to the source emission variations near the sampling sites. 相似文献