用ASE提取和GPC净化气相色谱法快速测定土壤中痕量有机氯代化合物

本研究介绍了土壤中20种不同持久性有机污染物的分析方法, 包括6种多氯联苯(PCB15, PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138)和14种有机氯农药(α-666, β-666, γ-666, δ-666, P,P'-DDE, P,P'-DDD, O,P'-DDT, P,P'-DDT, Heptachlor, Aldrin, trans-Chlordane, cis-Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endrin). 土样通过加速溶剂提取, 经装有Biobeads S-X3柱填料的自动凝胶渗透色谱和氟罗里硅土及石墨碳黑填料的固相萃取柱净化, 最后用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱分析测定. 实验结果表明该法获得很好的回收率70.7%～98.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.19%～10.8%, 检出限为0.33 ng·g-1～0.94 ng·g-1. 与传统的提取方法相比, 加速溶剂提取具有操作简便,省时省溶剂, 减少有机溶剂对环境污染的特点. 优化后的方法可测定多种土壤样品中有机氯代化合物, 并且能够在日常分析中得到应用.     

城市污泥堆肥过程中气温对堆体温度影响的模拟

在静态垛堆肥过程中,气温的变化会对堆体温度造成影响,这对堆肥过程中的堆体温度控制具有重要意义．但迄今为止,对此问题仍缺乏研究．本文引入小波分析方法对气温和堆体温度数据进行去噪和压缩处理,提取出气温波动引起的堆体温度波动信号,然后对气温波动信号和堆体温度波动信号进行分周期拟合,获得一一对应的振幅和相位差．结果表明,对于强制通风静态垛堆肥,气温波动对堆体下层（75cm）的影响最大,最大值为0．186℃,最小值为0．132℃,平均值为0．159℃;对中层（50cm）的影响最小,但随着堆肥进程的持续有增大的趋势;对上层（25cm）影响的最大值为0．105℃,最小值为0．065℃,平均值为0．085℃．从相位差上看,堆体中层（50cm）的相位差始终最大,在堆肥的降温期呈现明显减小的趋势;上层（25cm）的相位差随着堆肥进程的持续有明显增大的趋势;下层（75cm）的相位差在整个堆肥进程中呈缓慢升高的趋势．通过影响强度和相位差综合分析发现,堆体上层物料和下层物料在热量散失过程中可能存在两种不同的热交换机制,即上层物料以稳态热传导和自然对流为主,而下层物料则以非稳态热对流为主．     

面向社会的地震监测预报信息服务调查与对策研究

本文基于中国"陌生人"社会的社会背景下,采用问卷方式对社会各个层次对地震监测预报信息的需求、认知现状等进行了抽样调查,提出了地震监测预报服务社会信息产品的种类及可行性。     

农业面源污染防治的经济学手段研究综述

本文对经济学手段在农业面源污染防治方面的研究和应用进行了综述,阐明了农业面源污染的来源、特点及危害,并针对我国国情,重点分析了排污权交易、绿色信贷、清洁生产补贴的必要性和开展方式,得出了适用于我国农业面源的排污权交易机制。通过排污权交易和清洁生产补贴能够减少农业面源的治污成本,实现社会收益最大化,通过绿色信贷能够有效弥补市场失灵,保证低碳农业可持续发展。     

Carbon dioxide capture using polyethylenimine-loaded mesoporous carbons

A high efficiency sorbent for CO2 capture was developed by loading polyethylenimine (PEI) on mesoporous carbons which possessed well-developed mesoporous structures and large pore volume. The physicochemical properties of the sorbent were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques followed by testing for CO2 capture. Factors that affected the sorption capacity of the sorbent were studied. The sorbent exhibited extraordinary capture capacity with CO2 concentration ranging from 5% to 80%. The optimal PEI loading was determined to be 65 wt.% with a CO2 sorption capacity of 4.82 mmol-CO2 /g-sorbent in 15% CO2 /N2 at 75°C, owing to low mass-transfer resistance and a high utilization ratio of the amine compound (63%). Moisture had a promoting effect on the sorption separation of CO2 . In addition, the developed sorbent could be regenerated easily at 100°C, and it exhibited excellent regenerability and stability. These results indicate that this PEI-loaded mesoporous carbon sorbent should have a good potential for CO2 capture in the future.     

铝胁迫下外源钙对外生菌根真菌抗氧化保护酶活性的影响

采用液体培养方法,研究了4个不同菌株(Bo 02、Bo 15、Pt 715和Sl 08)的抗铝性及其在铝胁迫下加入0、0.25、0.5、1.0 mmol.-1L-1Ca2+处理后抗氧化保护酶活性的变化,旨在了解钙在缓解外生菌根真菌铝毒方面的作用.结果表明,不同菌株抗铝性不同,Pt 715和Sl 08的抗铝性强于Bo 02和Bo 15.铝胁迫可显著提高外生菌根真菌Bo 02 CAT和SOD活性、Bo 15SOD活性、Sl 08 CAT和POD活性,说明外生菌根真菌中这几种酶活性的提高与铝毒胁迫密切相关.4个菌株中,Bo 02酶活性对外源钙最敏感,外源钙对Bo 02铝胁迫的缓解作用最好.较高浓度的钙(≥0.5 mmol.L-1)可缓解或消除Sl 08铝胁迫造成的抗氧化酶活性上升.     

基于IRML网络模型的LNG卸料系统故障传播分析

为研究陆地LNG卸料系统的物理设备、信息网络及人员操作的依赖关系和信息层、人员层对设备层故障传播的影响,基于面向基础设施弹性建模语言(Infrastructure Resilience-Oriented Modelling Language,IRML),从单层网络静态风险分析和多层依赖网络的动态传播2个方面,提出LNG...     

聚氨酯缓冲材料在2种典型环境下的耐候性研究

目的 研究聚氨酯缓冲材料在湿热海洋和干热沙漠环境下的老化性能。方法 将3种不同表观密度的聚氨酯缓冲材料在万宁和敦煌试验站进行1 a的自然环境试验,探究聚氨酯缓冲材料外观、静态压缩性能、压缩永久变形性能和红外光谱的变化。结果 在1 a的自然环境试验中,材料压缩强度先增大后降低,压缩永久变形逐渐增大;在万宁试验站,样品表面出现发霉现象,密度为25、30、40 kg/m³的聚氨酯缓冲材料的压缩强度分别增大或衰减至106.4%、93.3%、87.5%,压缩永久变形分别增大109%、98%、138%;在敦煌试验站,密度为25、30、40 kg/m³的聚氨酯缓冲材料的压缩强度分别增大或衰减至106.4%、98.2%、97.8%,压缩永久变形分别增大55%、74%、93%。结论 聚氨酯缓冲材料在自然环境中会发生水解和热氧降解等老化反应,使材料性能出现下降。材料表观密度越大,性能衰减越快。材料对于湿热海洋环境更敏感,在万宁站的老化程度大于敦煌站。     

Shortened fetal long bones: A notable intrauterine phenotypic feature in SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia

Objective

To explore the intrauterine phenotypic spectrum of short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene-associated skeletal dysplasia and provide genetic counseling at-risk pregnancies.

Method

We analyzed the fetuses with SHOX-microdeletions identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array. The intrauterine phenotypes and outcomes were further elaborated.

Results

Nine fetuses carrying a single SHOX-microdeletion were reported, with deletion sizes ranging from 0.134 to 1.35 Mb. Shortened long bones were observed in all fetuses, varying from −2.0 standard deviation (SD) to −5.3 SD. Moreover, all cases had a femur length/foot ratio less than 0.87 and a femur/abdominal circumference ratio greater than 0.16, suggesting that non-lethal skeletal dysplasia may be involved. Two fetuses showed intrauterine growth restriction, and two had nasal bone hypoplasia. Prenatal ultrasonography did not reveal other obvious anomalies, including the Madelung deformity. Five microdeletions were inherited and one was de novo. Five terminations and four newborns were recorded. Two newborns had normal stature, and two were short-statured (height <3rd percentile), with one having inflexible wrists.

Conclusions

SHOX haploinsufficiency may manifest with shortened fetal long bones. The combination of history taking, prenatal ultrasonography, and SNP-array can prompt early prenatal diagnosis and timely postnatal treatment of SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia.     

吕梁市PM2.5中多环芳烃的来源解析及健康风险评价

为探索吕梁地区PM_2.5中多环芳烃的季节变化、健康风险和潜在来源,于2018年10月23日至2019年7月1日对离石区(市区)和孝义市(郊区)进行PM_2.5样品采集,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了14种多环芳烃浓度.总多环芳烃的浓度年均值为95.50 ng·m^-3,主要以5～6环为主(49.7%),3环占比较低(8.3%);吕梁市多环芳烃浓度呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的季节性变化规律,市区浓度年均值(130.47 ng·m^-3)高于郊区(84.4 ng·m^-3);增量终身致癌风险和蒙特卡洛模拟结果均表明吕梁市多环芳烃毒性服从成人>青年>儿童的规律,除夏季外,离石区增量终身致癌风险值均在10^-6～10^-4之间,远高于孝义市,表明市区存在较高的多环芳烃潜在风险;通过采用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子分解模型表明,吕梁市多环芳烃主要来自于煤和生物质的燃烧(61.9%)和机动车尾气排放(38.1%),由后...