Investigation of migration rule of rainwater for sponge city roads under different rainfall intensities

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Urban development and climate change have led to severe waterlogging in cities. To study the degree of mitigation of urban waterlogging using the design of...     

A preliminary calculation of cement carbon dioxide in China from 1949 to 2050

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China are of global concern. As energy-, resource-intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution...     

Effect analysis of carbon trading on Economy-Energy-Environment system and calculation of reasonable carbon price intervals

This paper constructs a 4-lier computable general equilibrium model which includes such modules as modeling carbon emission constraints and carbon trading(CT),and incorporates the cost of carbon emissions into constant elasticity of substitute production function.Under scenario settings under different carbon abatement targets,based on 2007 national social accounting matrix and related statistical data about energy consumption and carbon emission,effects on economic outputs,energy consumption,and carbon abatement are estimated and analyzed at both macro and sector level.By calculating selected novel indicators that compromise between macroeconomic opportunity cost and achievable carbon abatement,reasonable carbon price intervals are given for enhancing the robustness and liquidity of carbon market.Further,by decomposition and share-weighted methods,expected carbon abatement and energy price are measured and analyzed in details.Some results are meaningful for fundamental design of the future carbon market.Given constant energy utilization and carbon abatement technologies at the macro level,the higher the carbon price the more actual carbon abatement;the more gross domestic product loss,the less energy consumption.Accwding to the overall situation estimated for 2007 in China,the advice given is to introduce a carbon abatement target rate(R_c)of-10%,which is helpful to make carbon market stable against unexpected carbon price shocks between[6.9,35]/tC with less economic loss.According to Kaya decomposition,after introduction of carbon pricing,carbon abatement is mainly contributed by the effects of energy intensity(EI)and technical progress.Further,CT may help reduce energy consumption and induce transformation to a low-carbon energy structure.At the sector level,the introduction of CT could induce economic recession in all sectors,especially energy.However,the overall economic structure remains unchanged to some extent.CT will help reduce energy consumption in all sectors,especially energy.Overall utilization costs of the energy composite can be divided in two,market price and carbonrelated costs.Carbon-related costs mainly contribute to variation in the utilization cos of the energy composite;carbon pricing may help non-energy sectors achieve sufficient carbon abatement by pushing up energy utilization cost.However,despite achievable carbon abatement by the energy sector being relatively high,induced by carbon pricing,there is still significant potential for other incentive policies to stimulate further abatement,such as energy resources taxation and transportation fuel taxation,especially in the sectors of coal and transportation.Finally,some advice is proposed in regard to policy decisions and further research.     

掺杂生物膜组分对黄河乌海段表层沉积物吸附Cd^2＋的影响研究

以生物膜主要组分水铁矿和腐殖酸作为掺杂吸附剂,分析了掺杂前后黄河乌海段表层沉积物对重金属Cd^2＋的吸附特性,探讨了吸附时间、Cd^2＋初始浓度和pH对沉积物吸附Cd^2＋的影响,对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行了拟合并计算了分配系数。结果表明：腐殖酸和水铁矿掺杂比例的提高增强了沉积物对cd^2＋的吸附能力;掺杂生物膜主要组分对黄河乌海段水体Cd^2＋的吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附曲线（R^2≥0．99,P≤0．02,n=7）;掺杂腐殖酸和水铁矿后沉积物对cd^2＋的分配系数分别为：6．2959和2．7110,二者均高于未掺杂沉积物对Cd^2＋的分配系数（0．8626）,说明掺杂腐殖酸的吸附效果优于掺杂水铁矿的吸附效果;另外,溶液pH对沉积物吸附Cd^2＋影响显著。     

抗生素生产废水的处理技术研究

介绍了抗生素制药废水的来源及成因。根据抗生素制药废水高浓度、难降解、可生化性差等特点,综述了近年国内外抗生素制药废水处理中应用各种物理、化学、生物处理技术处理的试验情况及进展。其中物理处理技术有:混凝、沉淀、气浮、吸附和膜过滤等,化学处理技术有:氯氧化、高铁酸盐氧化、铁碳微电解、高级氧化工艺等,生物处理技术有好氧处理法、厌氧处理法等。指出需根据当前形势从技术经济角度选用合适的组合工艺处理不同种类的抗生素制药废水,并提出展望。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋项目环境影响评价探讨

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场环境影响评价中的选址问题进行了讨论,同时对垃圾渗滤液的水质进行了阐述以及对渗滤液的产生量合理计算进行了分析。     

Numerical simulation of flow hydrodynamics of struvite pellets in a liquid–solid fluidized bed

Phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite has been aroused in recent decades for its dual advantages in eutrophication control and resource protection.The usage of the struvite products is normally determined by the size which is largely depended on the hydrodynamics.In this study,flow behavior of struvite pellets was simulated by means of Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model combining with kinetic theory of granular flow in a liquid–solid fluidized bed reactor(FBR).A parametric study including the mesh size,time step,discretization strategy,turbulent model and drag model was first developed,followed by the evaluations of crucial operational conditions,particle characteristics and reactor shapes.The results showed that a cold model with the mesh resolution of 16 × 240,default time step of 0.001 sec and first order discretization scheme was accurate enough to describe the fluidization.The struvite holdup profile using Syamlal–O'Brien drag model was best fitted to the experimental data as compared with other drag models and the empirical Richardson–Zaki equation.Regarding the model evaluation,it showed that liquid velocity and particle size played important roles on both solid holdups and velocities.The reactor diameter only influenced the solid velocity while the static bed height almost took no effect.These results are direct and can be applied to guide the operation and process control of the struvite fluidization.Moreover,the model parameters can also be used as the basic settings in further crystallization simulations.     

上海市中心城区氮氧化物的污染特征分析及治理对策研究

近年来,随着经济的迅速发展,氮氧化物的污染问题日益严重,上海市徐汇区地处市中心,氮氧化物的污染受多方面因素的影响.根据徐家汇公园、上师大及华泾镇三个监测点的监测数据,空气中氮氧化物在冬季的污染程度高,夏季情况良好.华泾监测点的污染情况较严重,污染主要受工业污染源及机动车尾气污染的影响.综上所述,氮氧化物的污染呈季节性变化趋势,冬季污染程度高,夏季污染程度低.氮氧化物污染主要影响因素包括工业尾气排放,化学燃料燃烧以及机动车尾气的排放.     

Phosphorus runoff from sewage sludge applied to different slopes of lateritic soil

Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.