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991.
992.
Duan E Guo B Zhang D Shi L Sun H Wang Y 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(12):1393-1397
To explore environmentally benign solvents for the absorption of NO and NO2, a series of caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium halide ionic liquids were synthesized. The solubility of NO and NO2 was measured at temperatures ranging from 298.2 to 363.2 K and atmospheric pressure, and the following trend in the solubility of NO and NO2 in ionic liquids with various halide anions was observed, respectively: F > Br > Cl and Br > Cl > F. Moreover, as the temperature increased from 308.15 to 363.15 K and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1, the solubility of NO increased. Alternatively, the solubility of NO2 decreased as the temperature increased from 298.15 to 363.15 K, and the mole ratio of caprolactam increased from 2:1 to 6:1. The absorption and desorption of NO and NO2 was practically reversible in the ionic liquids, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The method, which is at least partially reversible, offers interesting possibilities for the removal of NO and NO2. 相似文献
993.
Hesterberg TW Long CM Sax SN Lapin CA McClellan RO Bunn WB Valberg PA 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(9):894-913
Diesel exhaust (DE) characteristic of pre-1988 engines is classified as a "probable" human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified DE as "likely to be carcinogenic to humans." These classifications were based on the large body of health effect studies conducted on DE over the past 30 or so years. However, increasingly stringent U.S. emissions standards (1988-2010) for particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in diesel exhaust have helped stimulate major technological advances in diesel engine technology and diesel fuel/lubricant composition, resulting in the emergence of what has been termed New Technology Diesel Exhaust, or NTDE. NTDE is defined as DE from post-2006 and older retrofit diesel engines that incorporate a variety of technological advancements, including electronic controls, ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel, oxidation catalysts, and wall-flow diesel particulate filters (DPFs). As discussed in a prior review (T. W. Hesterberg et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6437-6445), numerous emissions characterization studies have demonstrated marked differences in regulated and unregulated emissions between NTDE and "traditional diesel exhaust" (TDE) from pre-1988 diesel engines. Now there exist even more data demonstrating significant chemical and physical distinctions between the diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) in NTDE versus DEP from pre-2007 diesel technology, and its greater resemblance to particulate emissions from compressed natural gas (CNG) or gasoline engines. Furthermore, preliminary toxicological data suggest that the changes to the physical and chemical composition of NTDE lead to differences in biological responses between NTDE versus TDE exposure. Ongoing studies are expected to address some of the remaining data gaps in the understanding of possible NTDE health effects, but there is now sufficient evidence to conclude that health effects studies of pre-2007 DE likely have little relevance in assessing the potential health risks of NTDE exposures. 相似文献
994.
Li X Wang S Duan L Hao J Long Z 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(11):1124-1130
The dilution sampling method simulates the rapid cooling and dilution processes after hot flue gas have left the stack. This allows gases or vapors to nucleate both homogeneously and heterogeneously, and to condense on preexisting particles in processes analogous to those that occur in the ambient environment. Using this method the authors can collect filterable particulate matter (PM) and condensible PM, that is, primary PM, simultaneously. In order to make this method more suitable for field investigation, a compact dilution sampler was developed. The sampler enhances mixing of dilution air with the stack gas, and thus shortens the length of the mixing section. The design decreases the nominal flow rate through the aging section, and accordingly reduces the size of the residence chamber. The decreased size of the sampler is suitable for field test. Sampling gas is pressured into the residence chamber, and air pressure in the chamber is micro-positive. Uncollected redundant gas is automatically discharged through unused sampling ports, which keeps the unit stable. Performance evaluation tests demonstrate that the design is reasonable. The sampler has been applied to characterize PM emissions from various combustion sources in China. 相似文献
995.
This paper summarizes a study on the application of vertical electric direct-current (DC) to control the migration of metal complexes in soil columns when EDTA/[S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) is used to enhance ryegrass uptake of Cu/Zn from contaminated soil. The results show that application of EDTA/EDDS significantly increased ryegrass uptake of Cu/Zn when compared with no EDTA/EDDS application and the Cu/Zn concentrations in all soil solutions sampled at three different levels of the soil column, i.e. 15, 30 and 50 cm. Application of vertical DC electrical field (1.0 V cm(-1)) through top anode (close to the surface) and bottom cathode caused redistribution of Cu/Zn concentrations. Copper/Zn concentrations significantly decreased in soil pore fluid that were sampled in the bottom sections of the column, suggesting an efficient control of the leaching risk of the Cu/Zn complexes when the vertical electrical field is applied. The shoot Cu concentration of ryegrass in the treatments with EDTA/EDDS and electrical field together was 0.46/0.61 times higher than that in treatments without electrical fields. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
广东凡口Pb-Zn尾矿中重金属的表生地球化学行为及其对矿山环境修复的启示 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
通过分级提取实验 ,结合矿物成分和化学成分分析 ,对广东凡口铅锌尾矿的新尾矿和 1号尾矿库不同氧化程度尾矿的矿物组成、重金属含量及其形态进行了研究和对比 .新尾矿中的黄铁矿含量很高 (约 3 1% ) ,铅锌的含量分别高达 0 7%和 1 2 %以上 ,重金属元素主要赋存于金属硫化物中 .1号尾矿库样品中的黄铁矿含量 <10 % ,重金属元素也明显低于新尾矿 .在表层氧化带 (硬化层 ) ,硫化物的快速氧化导致大量次生矿物沉淀 ,锌大量吸附于 (氢 )氧化铁表面 ,可迁移性大 ;铅则主要形成次生难溶矿物 (如铅矾 ) ;次氧化带以硫化物的缓慢淋溶作用为主 ,难以形成次生矿物 ,Pb、Zn的流失比例大于 70 % .常用于矿山环境治理的尾矿覆盖方法往往使尾矿处于次氧化环境 .上述研究结果表明 ,这些方法不一定能够阻滞污染元素的迁移 .此外 ,本次研究采用Dold提出的分级提取法 ,发现方铅矿的溶解主要发生在第 2步 (提取液 :pH =4 5 ,1moL L- 1 NH4 Ac) ,而其它硫化物的溶解主要在第 6步 ,这可能是Ac- 与Pb2 + 的络合作用所造成的 ,表明提取液中含Ac- 的分级提取方法不宜用于评价铅的活性 相似文献
999.
DNA damage of germ cell of rat induced by nitrotoluene chemicals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
YANG Li XU Jing-bo ZHEN Lin SUN Zhi-wei SHI Long JIN Ming-hu LIU Xiao-mei 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(1):84-90
2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene(2,6-DNT) and 4-nitrotoluene(4-NT) are typical pollutants in the Songhua River of Northeast China. Sertoli/germ call cocultures and single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) are applied to investigate whether they have genotoxicity on DNA damage of germ cell of Kunming male rat. The results showed that all three nitrotoluene compounds tested could induce DNA single-strand breaks of the germ call. A significant relationship is found between logarithm dose and the degree of DNA damage, which implies that 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT and 4-NT have genotoxicity and can induce the germ cell DNA strand to break in vitro. 相似文献
1000.
帐篷在救灾过程中发挥着巨大作用,但内部热湿环境比较恶劣,空温、内表面均温都超出了人体所能适应的范围,严重影响灾区群众的身心健康。汶川8.0级地震的灾区群众利用一些土方法如搭遮阳网等对帐篷进行了改进。通过对门窗封闭和门窗开启情况下改进的帐篷与普通帐篷室内温度、相对湿度、内表面均温的对比,发现采取一些简单的改进方法能取得意想不到的效果,可以有效的降低帐篷内部温度和内表面均温,从而降低帐篷内的当量有效温度,改善帐篷内居住环境。从而得到很大启示,提出了一些在帐篷使用过程中的改善措施以及结构改进的方向。 相似文献