活性和非活性海藻吸附重金属的研究

用藻类处理重金属废水是最有效的生物吸附法之一,也是近年来被广泛关注的水处理技术。重点研究了活性海藻和非活性海藻吸附重金属的机理,并简述了海藻的预处理方式及固定化稳定化在吸附过程中的作用,浅述了几种常见的吸附模型及应用,分析了藻类吸附重金属存在的问题以及今后研究方向。     

Phosphorus runoff losses from subsurface-applied poultry litter on coastal plain soils

The application of poultry litter to soils is a water quality concern on the Delmarva Peninsula, as runoff contributes P to the eutrophic Chesapeake Bay. This study compared a new subsurface applicator for poultry litter with conventional surface application and tillage incorporation of litter on a Coastal Plain soil under no-till management. Monolith lysimeters (61 cm by 61 cm by 61 cm) were collected immediately after litter application and subjected to rainfall simulation (61 mm h(-1) 1 h) 15 and 42 d later. In the first rainfall event, subsurface application of litter significantly lowered total P losses in runoff (1.90 kg ha(-1)) compared with surface application (4.78 kg ha(-1)). Losses of P with subsurface application were not significantly different from disked litter or an unamended control. By the second event, total P losses did not differ significantly between surface and subsurface litter treatments but were at least twofold greater than losses from the disked and control treatments. A rising water table in the second event likely mobilized dissolved forms of P in subsurface-applied litter to the soil surface, enriching runoff water with P. Across both events, subsurface application of litter did not significantly decrease cumulative losses of P relative to surface-applied litter, whereas disking the litter into the soil did. Results confirm the short-term reduction of runoff P losses with subsurface litter application observed elsewhere but highlight the modifying effect of soil hydrology on this technology's ability to minimize P loss in runoff.     

Evolution of e-waste resources disposal with propaganda education and monetary incentives: the influence mechanism of consumer knowledge level

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Consumer’s proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) resources is an indispensable component of the construction of green recycling...     

Chemical and optical properties of aerosols and their interrelationship in winter in the megacity Shanghai of China

A field campaign on air quality was carried out in Shanghai in winter of 2012. The concentrations of NO, NO₂, NO_x, SO₂, CO, and PM_2.5 increased during haze formation. The average masses of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were 10.3, 11.7 and 6.7 μg/m³ during the haze episodes, which exceeded the average (9.2, 7.9, and 3.4 μg/m³) of these components in the non-haze days. The mean values for the aerosol scattering coefficient (b_sp), aerosol absorption coefficient (b_ap) and single scattering albedo (SSA) were 288.7, 27.7 and 0.91 Mm^-1, respectively. A bi-peak distribution was observed for the mass concentrations of CO, NO, NO₂, and NO_x. More sulfate was produced during daytime than that in the evening due to photochemical reactions. The mass concentration of NH₄⁺ achieved a small peak at noontime. NO₃^- showed lower concentrations in the afternoon and higher concentrations in the early morning. There were obvious bi-peak diurnal patterns for bsp and bap as well as SSA. bsp and bap showed a positive correlation with PM_2.5 mass concentration. (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, organic mass, elemental carbon and coarse mass accounted for 21.7%, 19.3%, 31.0%, 9.3% and 12.3% of the total extinction coefficient during non-haze days, and 25.6%, 24.3%, 30.1%, 8.1% and 8.2% during hazy days. Organic matter was the largest contributor to light extinction. The contribution proportions of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to light extinction were significantly higher during the hazy time than during the non-haze days.     

Characteristics of environmental factors and their effects on CH4 and CO2 emissions from a closed landfill: An ecological case study of Shanghai

To elucidate the influence of landfill gas (LFG) emission on environmental factors, an ecological investigation that was primarily concerned with the characteristics of vegetation, cover soil, and solid waste in the landfill was carried out. Temporal and spatial variations in vegetation diversity and coverage and their effects on reducing the emission of methane in the landfill were investigated. The results showed that both vegetation coverage and diversity increased with elapsed landfill closure time. The transition trend of the vegetation species was from perennial plant (Phragmites australis) to annual plants. Perennial vegetation was the dominant type of vegetation during the early closure period, and annual vegetation coverage increased with closure time. Vegetation preferentially appeared in areas of comparatively high depth of cover soil, which was characterized by high moisture retentiveness that enabled vegetation growth. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide in the cover soil significantly decreased with increasing closure time. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide from bare cover soil were higher than those from vegetated cover soil whereas the CO₂ flux of bare cover soil was less than that of vegetated cover soil.     

Aeolian flux of metals in Taiwan in the past 2600 years

To identify anthropogenic sources of pollution, it is useful to compare recent and historical data, yet unfortunately such data are lacking in Taiwan. Thus, we studied the sediments deposited in the remote anoxic, subalpine Great Ghost Lake over a time span of 2600 yrs. Not only could a baseline be established, but also natural variations could be identified. Aeolian Asian dust particles seem to have played a significant role in the flux of 26 elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr) in Great Ghost Lake. The fluxes have generally been higher during dry periods, especially since 1350 AD. On the other hand, local pollution from lead seems to have gained importance since 1945 AD. Recent aeolian fluxes were also calculated based on sediment data, and those results agree with direct measurements obtained in the region.     

EPA develops process to destroy Kepone

Environmental Management -     

绿色食品在可持续发展战略中的地位和作用

本文以一系列详实的数据,介绍了当今世界遭受环境灾难的事实,从环境保护的角度阐明了发展绿色食品、实施绿色食品工程在可持续发展战略中的重要地位和作用     

渭河入黄流路调整工程对陕西黄河湿地自然保护区的生态影响

陕西黄河湿地自然保护区是以保护河流湿地生态系统与珍稀水禽为主的省级自然保护区,渭河入黄流路调整工程位于自然保护区的缓冲区和核心区,工程建设将对该自然保护区的生态系统产生一定的环境影响。在调查该自然保护区生态环境质量现状的基础上,客观分析了渭河入黄流路调整工程建设对该自然保护区保护区结构与功能、区域生态系统完整性和生物多样性等方面产生的环境影响,并提出了相应的环境保护措施。     

一种新型环境友好污水处理工艺——蚯蚓生态滤池

蚯蚓生态滤池将蚯蚓创造性地引入到污水处理系统中,延长和扩展了微生物代谢链,强化了生态系统富集与扩散、合成与分解、拮抗与协同等多种自然调控作用,实现了污水污泥的同步高效处理。滤池出水可用作绿化争农田灌溉,蚓粪污泥含水率低,减量化稳定化效果显著,较好地解决了剩余污泥的处置问题。蚯蚓生态滤池工艺高效节能,具有鲜明的“生态平衡”和“环境友好”技术特色,符合可持续发展的理念,具有技术经济竞争优势,环境效益比较显著,具有良好的实际应用前景。