基于"3S"和GSM技术的近海溢油监测应用系统研究

介绍了Visual Basic6．0将“3S”和GSM有机集成中的关键技术以及系统实现的溢油面积、溢油量的计算,接收定位,溢油定位连续动态显示,信息查询,联机之间、控制中心与应急单位互相预警等功能。该系统不但为溢油应急提供指导,同时也为溢油事故的仲裁和索赔提供科学依据。     

弹用聚酰胺材料老化试验研究

以聚酰胺材料老化试验为例,讨论了储存寿命预测的分析技术、试验设计技术;提出了影响试验准确性的因素和解决问题的方法,因素包括试验样品选择、考核性能选择、试验方法选择、产品环境剖面分析、热老化温度确定等。     

广东"十一五"奏响可持续发展强音

《中共广东省委关于制定全省国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》指出,要坚持继承、创新、提高、发展,科学总结过去、谋划未来。其中,有关可持续发展和建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会等内容将开启和谐社会之门。 《建议》在正式向社会公布后,立即引起社会各界的广泛关注。未来广东,如何谋求经济发展模式之变？如何应对城镇化进程加快带来的环境压力？ 本期特推出“广东‘十一五’：奏响可持续发展强音”嘉宾访谈。[编者按]     

光催化降解制浆漂白废水试验条件的优化

制浆漂白废水的主要成分之一氯代愈创木酚在TiO2作催化剂、254nm波长的紫外光作光源时,发生光催化降解反应,苯环特征峰在反应过程中逐渐消失。采用正交试验得到较佳的试验条件,结果表明,有机物的初始浓度是一个关键因素,其次是溶液的酸碱度,降解时间的延长可以提高光催化降解效果,同时还要考虑催化剂的用量和反应器的循环流量等工艺参数。在初始浓度为0.05mmol/L、循环流量20L/h、催化剂用量250mg/L、pH值10、反应180min时,降解率达到99%。     

生态围隔对水源地水质的改善效果

采用渔网及土工布挂片双层材料以及填充的水花生构建了生态围隔,对藻类进行拦截,降低取水口藻类密度,同时通过水花生的吸收和拦截,以及土工布挂片形成的附着生物群落的降解和吸收作用,降低颗粒态以及溶解态营养盐,达到取水口水质的改善效果.生态工程实施后,取水口内悬浮颗粒物显著降低了29.8％,同时透明度提高了27.5％.对藻类的拦截效果研究表明,围隔对叶绿素a的去除率为23.0％,对总藻类数量的去除率为20.7％.通过对围隔内外蓝藻数量在藻类数量的比例分析,生态围隔对蓝藻的去除率高于总藻类的去除率,说明了对于藻类拦截的效果具有一定的选择性.对营养盐的改善效果主要体现在颗粒态物质上,其中颗粒态氮磷的去除率分别为48.4％和31.3％.     

Development of a multi-criteria index ranking system for urban runoff best management practices (BMPs) selection

Low impact development best management practices (LID-BMPs) are considered to be cost-effective measures for mitigating the water quantity and quality impact of urban runoff. Currently, there are many types of LID-BMPs, and each type has its own intrinsic technical and/or economical characteristics and limitations for implementation. The selection of the most appropriate BMP type(s) for a specific installation site is therefore a very important planning step. In the present study, a multi-criteria selection index system (MCIS) for LID-BMP planning was developed. The selection indexes include 12 first-level indices and 26 second-level indices which reflect the specific installation site characteristics pertaining to site suitability, runoff control performance, and economics of implementation. A mechanism for ranking the BMPs was devised. First, each individual second-level index was assigned a numeric value that was based on site characteristics and information on LID-BMPs. The quantified indices were normalized and then integrated to obtain the score for each of the first-level index. The final evaluation scores of each LID-BMP were then calculated based on the scores for the first-level indices. Finally, the appropriate BMP types for a specific installation site were determined according to the rank of the final evaluation scores. In order to facilitate the application of the MCIS BMP ranking system, the computational process has been coded into a software program, BMPSELEC. A case study demonstrating the MCIS methodology, using an LID-BMP implementation planning at a college campus in Foshan, Guangdong Province, is presented.     

The responses of the hepatosomatic index (HSI), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) caged at a polluted site: implications for their use in environmental risk assessment

The present study investigates the response of three hepatic biomarkers in adult sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) caged at a wastewater outlet of an oil refinery with fish caged at a pristine site used as controls. The biomarkers that were investigated were the hepatosomatic index (HSI), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. In addition, we have measured the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc) in sediment samples at the polluted site. Although the polluted site had high environmental levels of PAHs and heavy metals, there was no difference in hepatic EROD activity and HSI between fish caged at the polluted site and controls. On the other hand, GST activity was significantly lower in fish caged at the polluted site compared to controls. Our results point out that the studied biomarkers have limited use in environmental risk assessment studies, at least when caged adult sea bass is used as the sentinel species and complex toxicant mixtures are involved.     

基于可靠度的变压器声功率遗传算法研究

换流变压器是高压直流换流站中主要的噪声源,对换流变压器噪声的预测精度直接影响到后期整个换流站噪声预测模型的准确性,因此,准确获得换流变压器的声功率至关重要。根据《声学 户外声传播衰减 第2部分:一般计算方法》(ISO 9613-2:1996)中的户外声传播声功率计算方法,构建了声源声功率反推数学模型。利用某变压器周围大量测点现场实测数据,结合可靠度理论,识别并剔除了实测点中受相干声场影响较大的点,实现了换流变压器声功率反演计算,并对测点个数的选取进行了初步研究及优化。与其他声功率测量方法相比,该方法操作简单,对仪器设备要求较低,适用于复杂的声学环境,具有一定的应用前景。     

Using improved neural network model to analyze RSP,NOx and NO2 levels in urban air in Mong Kok,Hong Kong

As the health impact of air pollutants existing in ambient addresses much attention in recent years, forecasting of airpollutant parameters becomes an important and popular topic inenvironmental science. Airborne pollution is a serious, and willbe a major problem in Hong Kong within the next few years. InHong Kong, Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) and NitrogenOxides NO_x and NO₂ are major air pollutants due to thedominant diesel fuel usage by public transportation and heavyvehicles. Hence, the investigation and prediction of the influence and the tendency of these pollutants are ofsignificance to public and the city image. The multi-layerperceptron (MLP) neural network is regarded as a reliable andcost-effective method to achieve such tasks. The works presentedhere involve developing an improved neural network model, whichcombines the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and theradial basis function (RBF) network, and forecasting thepollutant levels and tendencies based in the recorded data. Inthe study, the PCA is firstly used to reduce and orthogonalizethe original input variables (data), these treated variables arethen used as new input vectors in RBF neural network modelestablished for forecasting the pollutant tendencies. Comparingwith the general neural network models, the proposed modelpossesses simpler network architecture, faster training speed,and more satisfactory predicting performance. This improvedmodel is evaluated by using hourly time series of RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrations collected at Mong Kok Roadside Gaseous Monitory Station in Hong Kong during the year 2000. By comparing the predicted RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrationswith the actual data of these pollutants recorded at the monitorystation, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been proven.Therefore, in authors' opinion, the model presented in the paper is a potential tool in forecasting air quality parameters and hasadvantages over the traditional neural network methods.     

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.