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101.
102.
Verónica P. Martino Eric Pollet Luc Avérous 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(4):819-826
The swelling capability of chitosan was explored in order to use water both, as volatile plasticizer and as pore-forming agent.
Chitosan powder was swelled in acidic aqueous solution and melt blended with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). After stabilization
at 57% RH and 25 °C, samples suffered a water mass loss of around 30 wt% without dimensions variation. Despite the low miscibility
of these biopolymers, quite homogeneous dispersion of chitosan within the polyester matrix was obtained. Some interactions
between both biopolymers could be observed. To obtain chitosan phase with a thermoplastic-like behaviour, the plasticization
effect was also studied by the addition of 25 wt% glycerol as non volatile plasticizer. The equilibrium moisture content of
samples increased with the incorporation of glycerol due to its hydrophilic nature. Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties
of the blends were determined after stabilization. The preparation of rich PCL blends allowed the formation of macroporous
structures since samples were not contracted after water loss and stabilization. These biomaterials with such a porous structure
could be used for biomedical applications. 相似文献
103.
Sakaa Bachir Elbeltagi Ahmed Boudibi Samir Chaffaï Hicham Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Kulimushi Luc Cimusa Choudhari Pandurang Hani Azzedine Brouziyne Youssef Wong Yong Jie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(32):48491-48508
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The water quality index is one of the prominent general indicators to assess and classify surface water quality, which plays a critical role in river... 相似文献
104.
Introduced to Saskatchewan in the 1930s as a potential shelterbelt species, European buckthorn is now a prominent understory
shrub in riparian woodland and shrub communities around Saskatoon. Locally, the Meewasin Valley Authority (MVA) is actively
controlling buckthorn as part of its mandate to conserve natural heritage resources of the South Saskatchewan River Valley,
with the goal of restoring the natural biodiversity of remnant patches of native vegetation. European buckthorn is normally
dioecious, and MVA has chosen to treat only fruiting stems in an attempt to limit seed production. Two control techniques
have been used. In one treatment, glyphosate was applied to stems after cutting; alternatively Garlon 4 Dow AgroSciences herbicide
(active ingredient triclopyr) was applied as a chemical girdle directly to the stems using a streamline basal bark spray method.
To date, more than 347,000 fruiting stems of buckthorn have been treated. Results indicate good initial progress in limiting
seed production in dense buckthorn sites, but at a high cost. Although seed eradication is not a practical short-term goal
for the Saskatoon buckthorn population, chemical girdling can substantially and strategically reduce seed and effectively
limit spread. Field-tested strategies to reduce costs and improve efficiencies are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Evaluation of soil erosion risk using Analytic Network Process and GIS: A case study from Spanish mountain olive plantations 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Olexandr Nekhay Manuel Arriaza Luc Boerboom 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):3091-3104
The study presents an approach that combined objective information such as sampling or experimental data with subjective information such as expert opinions. This combined approach was based on the Analytic Network Process method. It was applied to evaluate soil erosion risk and overcomes one of the drawbacks of USLE/RUSLE soil erosion models, namely that they do not consider interactions among soil erosion factors. Another advantage of this method is that it can be used if there are insufficient experimental data. The lack of experimental data can be compensated for through the use of expert evaluations. As an example of the proposed approach, the risk of soil erosion was evaluated in olive groves in Southern Spain, showing the potential of the ANP method for modelling a complex physical process like soil erosion. 相似文献
106.
Stephen R. Graham Robert Hodgson Luc Vechot M. Iqbal Essa 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2011,89(6):424-433
The energetic decomposition of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and its formulations have long been known to present a significant risk. Indeed, MEKP has the highest number of reported decomposition incidents of all organic peroxides, many of which have led to significant numbers of fatalities, injuries and damage. It is noteworthy that incidents have been reported at all stages of the product lifecycle.This paper is derived from incident-investigation work and provides a summary of serious incidents involving MEKP, followed by details of calorimetric experiments performed to investigate thermal stability of representative MEKP formulations containing varying amounts of MEKP monomer. In particular we report the wide degree of variation that exists between commercial MEKP formulations, even between materials that are of the same nominal formulation. Such variations are detectable using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Follow-up studies performed on a representative MEKP formulation containing MEKP monomer indicate that a risk of decomposition exists at temperatures well below the reported self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of the products. As such, the experimental results reported here suggest that lower storage temperatures (commonly recommended by manufacturers to maximise shelf life) should be considered as being essential throughout the product lifecycle to reduce the risk of accidents in storage and transportation. 相似文献
107.
We studied the relative roles of environmental species sorting and priority effects in the assembly of ecological communities on long time scales, by analyzing community turnover of water fleas (Daphnia) in response to strong and recurrent environmental change in a fluctuating tropical lake. During the past 1800 years, Lake Naivasha (Kenya) repeatedly fluctuated between a small saline pond habitat during lowstands and a large freshwater lake habitat during highstands. Starting from a paleoecological reconstruction, we estimated the role of priority effects in Daphnia community assembly across 16 of these habitat turnovers and compared this with the response of the community to reconstructed changes in three environmental variables important for species sorting. Our results indicate that the best predictor of Daphnia community composition during highstands was the community composition just prior to the transition from lowstands to highstands. This reflects a long-lasting priority effect of late lowstand communities on highstand communities, arising when remnant lowstand populations fill newly available ecological space in the rapidly expanding lake habitat. Species sorting and priority effects had a comparable but relatively small influence on community composition during the lowstands. Moreover, these priority effects decayed rapidly with time as Daphnia communities responded to environmental change, in contrast with the highstand communities where priority effects lasted for several decades. 相似文献
108.
Le Trinh Hai Pham Hoang Hai Chu Lam Thai Jean Hugé Albert Ahenkan Le Xuan Quynh Vu Van Hieu Nguyen Le The Tung Luc Hens 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(6):541-550
Sustainable development is a widespread concept. Indicator selection and sustainability assessment are basic methods to analyse
the sustainable development process. This study aims to develop a software application to select indicators and to allocate
weightings to the indicators and the sub-indexes, so that they can be listed in a sustainability assessment. The Visual Basic
software is used to develop a software package based on Delphi, analytic hierarchy, normalization and combination processes.
Software for sustainability assessment was developed. Thirty-five indicators are selected as a first step of which eight health
indicators and eight environmental ones and their sub-indexes are given weightings. The indicators are normalized. Sub-indexes
are combined into a composite sustainable development index. The model is validated showing the ‘main features’ of the sustainability
situation on health and environmental aspects in the Quang Tri province during the period 2000–2005. The results support the
decision-making process of the competent authorities. 相似文献
109.
Antonino Fiorentino Giuliana De Luc Luigi Rizzo Giacomo Viccione Giusy Lofrano Maurizio Carotenuto 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):95-104
The fate of indigenous surface-water and wastewater antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope stream simulated through a hydraulic channel was investigated in outdoor experiments.The effect of(i) natural(dark) decay,(ii) sunlight,(iii) cloudy cover,(iv) adsorption to the sediment,(v) hydraulic conditions,(vi) discharge of urban wastewater treatment plant(UWTP)effluent and(vii) bacterial species(presumptive Escherichia coli and enterococci) was evaluated.Half-life time(T1/2) of E. coli under sunlight was in the range 6.48–27.7 min(initial bacterial concentration of 10~5 CFU/mL) depending on hydraulic and sunlight conditions. E. coli inactivation was quite similar in sunny and cloudy day experiments in the early 2 hr, despite of the light intensity gradient was in the range of 15–59 W/m~2; but subsequently the inactivation rate decreased in the cloudy day experiment(T1/2= 23.0 min) compared to sunny day(T_(1/2)= 17.4 min). The adsorption of bacterial cells to the sediment(biofilm) increased in the first hour and then was quite stable for the remaining experimental time. Finally, when the discharge of an UWTP effluent in the stream was simulated, the proportion of indigenous antibiotic resistant E. coli and enterococci was found to increase as the exposure time increased, thus showing a higher resistance to solar inactivation compared to the respective total populations. 相似文献
110.