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511.
Neckel Alcindo Korcelski Cleiton Silva Luis F. O. Kujawa Henrique Aniceto Bodah Brian William Figueiredo Adriano Marcos Rodrigues Maculan Larcio Stolfo Gonalves Affonso Celso Bodah Eliane Thaines Moro Leila Dal 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(9):10728-10751
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The increasing mortality of COVID-19 can aggravate soil contamination by metals, harmful to the health of the population, requiring new projects for... 相似文献
512.
Few studies have compared the underlying nature or structure of marine communities and assemblages across broad spatial scales,
despite the importance of such comparisons in understanding global scale responses to environmental change and biodiversity
conservation. The aim of this study was to examine the consistency of relationships between sponge abundance and richness
on the undersides of boulders (to control for multiple confounding factors) in relation to space availability (boulder size)
in three widely separated biogeographic regions. Sponges followed typical species-area (SA) relationships irrespective of
site or ocean and we consistently found no decrease in sponge richness at larger boulder sizes. We also found reliable underlying
density–area (DA) relationships, with larger boulders supporting more sponge patches at all sites. Although the general SA
and DA relationships were similar between oceans and sites, the exact nature of these relationships in terms of the actual
species present per unit area, total number of species present or density differed between sites. There were no consistent
differences between SA and DA relationships at each locality, suggesting that although disturbance (particularly wave action)
regimes may play an important role in controlling sponge biodiversity and abundance, its effects are manifested differently
at local-scales. Even though boulders have received a considerable amount of research effort over the past three decades,
this is the first study to examine the consistency of DA and SA relationships between ocean basins, finding similar relationships. 相似文献
513.
Luis Lassaletta Eduardo Aguilera Alberto Sanz-Cobena Guillermo Pardo Gilles Billen Josette Garnier Bruna Grizzetti 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(7):975-994
In this paper we examine the trends of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of the Spanish agricultural sector related to national production and consumption in the 1961–2009 period. The comparison between production- and consumption-based emissions at the national level provides a complete overview of the actual impact resulting from the dietary choices of a given country and allows the evaluation of potential emission leakages. On average, 1.5 % of the new reactive nitrogen that enters Spain every year is emitted as N2O. Production- and consumption-based emissions have both significantly increased in the period studied and nowadays consumption-based emissions are 45 % higher than production-based emissions. A large proportion of the net N2O emissions associated with imported agricultural goods comes from countries that are not committers for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol Annex I. An increase in feed consumption is the main driver of the changes observed, leading to a remarkable emission leakage in the Spanish agricultural sector. The complementary approach used here is essential to achieve an effective mitigation of Spanish greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
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517.
Marcos Pérez-López Francisco Soler Rodríguez David Hernández-Moreno Lucas Rigueira Luis Eusebio Fidalgo Ana López Beceiro 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):109-117
Cd, Pb, and Zn were quantified in liver and kidney of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) which were hunted during the 2003–2011 hunting seasons in Galicia (NW Spain). The effects of age and gender were evaluated to determine whether these variables should be included in future biomonitoring studies. The concentrations of hepatic and renal Cd (average 0.6 and 1.3 µg/g) and Pb (0.8 and 0.06 µg/g, respectively) were similar to background levels, with no known toxicological relevance. Similarly, the average levels of Zn in liver and kidney (77 and 17 µg/g) were in the range of physiological levels for canids. Although no significant gender-dependent variations were observed, the effect of aging was evident: the levels of hepatic Pb and both hepatic and renal Cd were higher in adults than in juveniles. Age should be included as a parameter during future biomonitoring programs focusing on trace metal bioaccumulation in red foxes. 相似文献
518.
Rafael Grossi Botelho Valdemar Luis Tornisielo Ricardo Alves de Olinda Lucineide Aparecida Maranho Luís Machado-Neto 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):2035-2045
The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of vinasse to cladocerans and fish before and after pH adjustment using an acute toxicity test. Linear and quadratic regression models were adjusted to demonstrate the concentration–response relationship between vinasse and the endpoints evaluated. The median lethal concentrations (LC50–48h) of vinasse before pH adjustment for Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna were 0.67% and 0.80% respectively, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50–96h) for Danio rerio was 2.62%. After pH adjustment, the values increased for all organisms, demonstrating a decrease in toxicity. This study reported marked toxicity for vinasse to aquatic organisms with toxicity reduction after pH adjustment. 相似文献
519.
Clarissa Vilela Figueiredo da Silva Campos Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes Renata da Silva Farias William Severi Luis Otavio Brito Alfredo Olivera Gálvez 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(10):903-921
ABSTRACTKnowledge about phytoplankton communities is important for aquaculture due to their influence on environmental variables. The goal of the study was to evaluate the ecological effect of seaweed Gracilaria birdiae at three different densities: 2.5 (LG2.5); 5.0 (LG5.0) and 7.5?kg m?3 (LG7.5), on water quality variables and the phytoplankton communities in integrated aquaculture systems (shrimp and seaweed) with a control (without seaweed) (LB) using biofloc technology. Settleable and total suspended solids were significantly correlated with the phytoplankton groups. In addition, orthophosphate was the main variable controlling phytoplankton growth and gross primary production. No significant differences were identified among the treatments in terms of the phytoplankton assemblages (p?>?0.05) but differences were found between the communities (ANOSIM, R global?=?0.873) in relation to the days of the experiment. However, the LG2.5 treatment had higher diversity and lower species dominance, as well as higher productivity and final shrimp weight. The results indicate that seaweed inhibit phytoplankton growth, mainly of toxic species. They suggest that phytoplankton composition in integrated aquaculture systems in the presence of seaweed at a density of 2.5?kg m?3 is more diversified and provides better water quality and shrimp performance by inhibiting the abundance of harmful species. 相似文献
520.
Burger JR Chesh AS Muñoz P Fredes F Ebensperger LA Hayes LD 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(1):57-66
Social animals are susceptible to high infection levels by contact-transmitted parasites due to increased conspecific interaction.
Exotic parasites are known to have adverse consequences on native hosts. We examined the relationship between social group
size and exotic ectoparasite loads, and adult infection levels with per capita fitness and offspring survival in the plural
breeding rodent Octodon degus in central Chile. Degus at our site were almost entirely infected by two exotic ectoparasites: the fleas Leptopsylla segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis. Neither group size nor number of females per group predicted the abundance of either exotic flea species. The per capita
number of pups (per capita fitness) that emerged from burrow systems used by known social groups was negatively correlated
with abundance of L. segnis but not X. cheopis. On adults, X. cheopis abundance was three times greater than L. segnis but was not significantly correlated with per capita fitness. In females, L. segnis abundance was negatively correlated with peak body mass during pregnancy. Adult ectoparasite load was not correlated with
offspring survival. Based on these results, we hypothesize that high infection levels of L. segnis result in decreased reproductive fitness of adult female degus but are not a cost of sociality because parasite loads are
not predicted by social group size. Further work is needed to experimentally test this hypothesis and to determine if L. segnis serves as a vector for a deleterious pathogen. Lastly, the lack of native ectoparasites may explain why a previous study
at our site determined that behavioral adaptations needed to cope with high ectoparasite burdens (e.g., grooming) are not
extensive in degus; they simply have not had the coevolutionary time needed for selection of these behaviors. 相似文献