白洋淀喹诺酮类抗生素与微生物群落结构和多样性相关性研究

微生物作为水生态系统中的重要组成部分,其对水环境的能量流动和物质循环等具有重要作用,为研究富营养化湖泊中喹诺酮类抗生素(Quinolones,QNs)对微生物群落结构和微生物多样性的影响,本研究选取白洋淀为研究区,建立了QNs与微生物群落的相关性.结果表明,已测的QNs均有不同程度检出,其中,氟甲喹(Flumequine,FLU)和恶喹草酸(Oxolinic Acid,OXO)检出率较高;就空间分布而言,水体中QNs最大值出现在采蒲台区(433.52 ng·L~(-1)),最小值出现在枣林庄和烧车淀区(20.51 ng·L~(-1));沉积物中QNs最大值出现在端村区(372.72 ng·g~(-1)),最小值出现在藻苲淀区(20.29 ng·g~(-1)).高通量测序结果表明,白洋淀沉积物微生物群落的优势种群为变形菌门和绿弯菌门,平均含量分别为38.62%和19.85%;变形菌门和绿弯菌门占所有微生物的比例在端村区最高(62.31%),藻苲淀区最低(54.62%).多样性指数分析结果表明,枣林庄和烧车淀区和藻苲淀区的微生物多样性指数(Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpsoneven指数)最高,而端村区最低.研究表明,受抗生素污染严重的区域通常会使微生物群落丰度下降,与本研究结果基本相符,说明微生物多样性受抗生素污染影响,对研究QNs污染的治理具有重要意义,为未来解决污染问题提供了良好的基础.     

贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染水稻土重金属的释放特征

通过对贵州中部山区煤矸石堆场周边污染的水稻土及上覆水进行调查与采样分析,探讨污染水稻土有效态重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb)含量的变化及其释放特征。研究结果表明:不同程度污染水稻土中Cd、As和Hg的含量及部分水稻土中的Cu含量超过了土壤环境质量二级标准,随着水稻土污染程度的增加,土壤有效态Cd的含量出现明显的增加,中度污染水稻土和重度污染水稻土有效态Cd的平均含量分别比轻度污染水稻土增加了1.30、2.60倍;在水稻生长期间(6~8月),污染稻田上覆水中均出现Cd的超标,中度污染稻田和重度污染稻田上覆水Cd的平均浓度(三次采样)分别比轻度污染稻田的上覆水高11.3%和27.3%。污染水稻土淹水1~30d期间,上覆水Cd的浓度出现不断地增加,淹水20d后中度及重度污染水稻土上覆水Cd均出现超标。因此,煤矸石堆场周边污染稻田排水的Cd会产生明显的二次污染。     

Yearly variation in characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-PAHs in urban shanghai from 2010–2018

This study encompassed the regular observation of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in particulate matter (PM) in Shanghai in summer and winter from 2010 to 2018. The results showed that the mean concentrations of ?PAHs in summer decreased by 24.7% in 2013 and 18.1% in 2017 but increased by 10.2% in 2015 compared to the data in 2010. However, the mean concentrations of ?PAHs in winter decreased by 39.7% from 2010 (12.8 ± 4.55 ng/m³) to 2018 (7.72 ± 3.33 ng/m³), and the mean concentrations of 1-nitropyrene in winter decreased by 79.0% from 2010 (42.3 ± 16.1 pg/m³) to 2018 (8.90 ± 2.09 pg/m³). Correlation analysis with meteorological conditions revealed that the PAH and NPAH concentrations were both influenced by ambient temperature. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and factor analysis showed that they were mainly affected by traffic emissions with some coal and/or biomass combustion. The ratio of 2-nitrofluoranthene to 2-nitropyrene was near 10, which indicated that the OH radical-initiated reaction was the main pathway leading to their secondary formation. Moreover, backward trajectories revealed different air mass routes in each sampling period, indicating a high possibility of source effects from the northern area in winter in addition to local and surrounding influences. Meanwhile, the mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations in Shanghai in winter decreased by 50.8% from 2010 (1860 ± 645 pg/m³) to 2018 (916 ± 363 pg/m³). These results indicated the positive effects of the various policies and regulations issued by Chinese authorities.     

Y型与ZSM-5型分子筛吸附VOCs性能的对比

从疏水性较好的分子筛中筛选出2类吸附性能优良的分子筛,通过实验考察其对VOCs的吸附量、脱附量、吸附穿透曲线、脱附活化能等,评价其对VOCs的吸附脱附性能;评估了所选分子筛经多次吸附再生后的性能稳定性,建立了一套分子筛工业应用性能指标体系.结果 表明:Y型分子筛性能优于ZSM-5型分子筛;同种分子筛比表面积及孔径越大,...     

西北工业化城镇周边农用土壤PCBs污染来源与人群暴露

采用气相色谱质谱联用仪检测了我国西北干旱地区皋兰县城各区域土壤中18种多氯联苯（PCBs）,并利用主成分分析、多元线性回归分析以及暴露模型对研究区PCBs污染来源、人群暴露和健康风险进行了探究和评价.研究区土壤PCBs浓度为3.675～19.146 ng·g^-1,临近工业园区和城区的农田土壤平均污染程度较高,四氯联苯和五氯联苯在∑₁₈PCBs中占有较高的质量分数.PCBs污染源以含PCBs电器设备回收处置相关的IP-PCBs污染源、燃烧和工业热过程源以及与燃烧相关的污染源为主,燃烧和工业热过程源可能会对研究区PCBs污染具有更大的贡献.研究区各类人群由于PCBs暴露导致的致癌风险较低,非致癌风险也处于可接受水平,但燃烧及工业热过程作为研究区可能的主要PCBs来源,可能会对当地长期居住的人群带来不利影响,需给予重视.     

重金属絮凝剂DTAPAM对Cu2+去除条件的响应面优化

采用聚丙烯酰胺、二甲胺、甲醛、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳为原料,制备出重金属絮凝剂二硫代羧基化胺甲基聚丙烯酰胺（DTAPAM）,以含Cu²⁺废水为研究对象,采用三因素五水平的响应曲面分析法对DTAPAM除Cu²⁺性能进行了研究.实验结果表明：响应面法建立的二次项回归模型p值为0.0037,模型显著;X₁X₂、X₁X₃、X₂X₃项的p值分别为：0.0240、0.0061、0.1322,X₁X₂、X₁X₃交互作用显著,而X₂X₃交互作用不显著.通过响应面分析,在Cu²⁺初始浓度为25 mg·L^-1,Cu²⁺初始浓度与絮凝剂投加量的比值为1：6.3,水样初始pH值为6.0时,DTAPAM对Cu²⁺的去除性能最佳.在此条件下,实测Cu²⁺的去除率为91.60%,模型预测值为93.35%,相对偏差为-1.87%,利用响应面法优化DTAPAM对Cu²⁺的去除条件可行.     

地震监测环境保护的对策探索和实践——以蚌埠地震台为例

文章从蚌埠的地质状况、台站历史资料出发,以相关法律法规为依据,以蚌埠地震台近年来所开展的监测环境保护工作实例为背景,阐述做好地震监测环境保护工作的关键,并针对在地震监测环境保护工作中遇到的问题,进行总结,提出建议。     

Exploring the association between resource dependence and haze pollution in China: the mediating effect of green technology innovation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Haze pollution has been addressed in extensive studies over the last few years. However, the relationship between resource dependence and haze...     

泰州港规划对生态环境影响的研究

港区开发对生态环境有重要影响.基于文献调研资料,分析了泰州港规划对生态环境的影响.施工期,将破坏底栖生物生境,增加水域悬浮物、油污和重金属;运营期,矿粉、煤的装卸会导致粉尘扩散,污染水体,过往船舶会惊扰珍稀水生动物;船舶密度的增大,溢油等会造成重大环境污染事故.在施工结束后,底栖生物群落将很快恢复到接近正常水平.港区开发建设中采取合理的保护措施,可保护并促进生态环境的持续发展.     

Integrated removal of NO and mercury from coal combustion flue gas using manganese oxides supported on TiO2

A catalyst composed of manganese oxides supported on titania(MnO_x/TiO_2) synthesized by a sol–gel method was selected to remove nitric oxide and mercury jointly at a relatively low temperature in simulated flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts were investigated by X-ray fluorescence(XRF), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses, etc. The effects of Mn loading,reaction temperature and individual flue gas components on denitration and Hg~0 removal were examined. The results indicated that the optimal Mn/Ti molar ratio was 0.8 and the best working temperature was 240°C for NO conversion. O_2 and a proper ratio of [NH_3]/[NO]are essential for the denitration reaction. Both NO conversion and Hg~0 removal efficiency could reach more than 80% when NO and Hg~0 were removed simultaneously using Mn0.8 Tiat 240°C.Hg~0 removal efficiency slightly declined as the Mn content increased in the catalysts. The reaction temperature had no significant effect on Hg~0 removal efficiency. O_2 and HCl had a promotional effect on Hg~0 removal. SO2 and NH_3were observed to weaken Hg~0 removal because of competitive adsorption. NO first facilitated Hg~0 removal and then had an inhibiting effect as NO concentration increased without O_2, and it exhibited weak inhibition of Hg~0 removal efficiency in the presence of O_2. The oxidation of Hg~0 on Mn O x/TiO_2 follows the Mars–Maessen and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms.