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491.
492.
在SBR反应器中对DO和pH值在短程硝化和半亚硝化过程中的作用进行试验研究,结果表明,控制低DO和适宜的pH值在短程硝化过程中起着重要的作用.本试验条件下,当DO为0.5~1.0 mg/L、pH值为7.5~8.0时,在SBR反应器中很容易实现短程硝化;当DO>0.3 mg/L时,DO越低,出水NO2--N积累率越高;当pH值>6.8时,不会影响系统NO2--N积累的稳定性.另外,研究结果还表明,通过控制DO和pH值可以实现半亚硝化.本试验条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为120 mg/L时,控制DO为0.3~0.4 mg/L可实现出水半亚硝化;当进水氨氮浓度为200 mg/L时,控制DO为0.5~0.6 mg/L或pH值为6.8也可以实现出水半亚硝化. 相似文献
493.
生物质废弃物催化裂解制备富氢燃气实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
由生物质废弃物催化裂解制取氢气是一种可再生的制氢方法,本研究采用2段加热管式反应器,前段装生物质,后段装催化剂,用以研究生物质催化裂解制取氢气的特性,并提出潜在氢产率的概念对生物质制氢的经济技术可行性进行深入的分析。测试的3种生物质废弃物为:松木粉、木质素和纤维素,测试温度为600~700℃。实验结果表明,加入催化剂后3种物料的产氢率从5.48~15.06g/kg增加到12.94~37.73g/kg;催化剂对潜在产氢率的影响较小,加入催化剂前后的变化范围为:36、25~98、86g/kg到37.40~116.98g/kg。生物质废弃物催化裂解产氢率与相同温度下空气-水蒸气气化的氢产率相当,实验结果证明,生物质废弃物催化裂解是一种有效的制氢方法。 相似文献
494.
MnO2负载树脂的制备及对As(V)的去除效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制备了大孔和DH302 2种MnO2的负载树脂。并用SEM、EDS手段表征了负载树脂,实验了负载MnO2后树脂对As(V)的去除效果。结果表明:负载树脂对As(V)的去除效果比原树脂有很大提高;吸附As(V)后的2种负载树脂,均能较好地解吸并可重新用于对As(V)的吸附实验。 相似文献
495.
Attempt to adsorb N-nitrosamines in solution by use of zeolites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The strong adsorption of zeolite for N-nitrosamines in solution was first revealed by use of adsorption, and temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR) techniques. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) as well as N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHMI) can be adsorbed on zeolite Y, ZSM-5 and A in the solution of methylene chloride or water, which will be helpful for removal of the N-nitrosamines pollution in environmental protection. The equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich-type isotherms, but the adsorption capacity of zeolites mainly depended on their pore size, surface area and acid-basic properties. Molecular size of adsorbate and solute-solvent interaction also strongly affected the adsorption of N-nitrosamines on zeolite in solution. The extraordinary adsorption properties of NaA zeolite for N-nitrosamines in aqueous solution is first reported and discussed. 相似文献
496.
497.
The effect of methanol of low concentration on adsorption and leaching of atrazine and tebuconazole was studied in this paper. The adsorption coefficients and the retardation factors (Rm) of pesticides on EUROSOIL 3# log-linearly decreased as volumetric fraction of methanol (fc) was increased in the binary solvent mixtures of methanol and water. These data are consistent with solvophobic theory formerly outlined for describing the adsorption and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals from mixed solvents. Nevertheless, the adsorption of these pesticides in soil–water system slightly increased when the soil was pre-washed with methanol in comparison with that pre-washed with water (pure water system). Furthermore, their adsorption coefficients were still higher in binary solvent systems with methanol of very low concentrations, i.e. fc<0.03 for atrazine and fc<0.01 for tebuconazole, than those in pure water system. The adsorption coefficients (logKw) of atrazine and tebuconazole predicted by solvophobic theory were 0.5792 and 1.6525, respectively, and their experimental logKw were 0.3701 and 1.6275 in pure water system. Obviously, the predicted logKw of the two pesticides was higher than the experimental log Kw in pure water system. The predicted Kw and the retardation factor (Rw) in pure water system by solvophobic theory are thus possibly inaccurate. 相似文献
498.
Effects of heavy metals on growth and arsenic accumulation in the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Fayiga AO Ma LQ Cao X Rathinasabapathi B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,132(2):289-296
The effects of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn on arsenic accumulation by the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata were investigated in a greenhouse study. P. vittata was grown for 8 weeks in an arsenic-contaminated soil (131 mg As kg(-1)), which was spiked with 50 or 200 mg kg(-1) Cd, Ni, Pb, or Zn (as nitrates). P. vittata was effective in taking up arsenic (up to 4100 mg kg(-1)) and transporting it to the fronds, but little of the metals. Arsenic bioconcentration factors ranged from 14 to 36 and transfer factors ranged from 16 to 56 in the presence of the metals, both of which were reduced with increasing metal concentration. Fern biomass increased as much as 12 times compared to the original dry weight after 8 weeks of growth (up to 19 g per plant). Greater concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb resulted in greater catalase activity in the plant. Most of the arsenic in the plant was present as arsenite, the reduced form, indicating little impact of the metals on plant arsenic reduction. This research demonstrates the capability of P. vittata in hyperaccumulating arsenic from soils in the presence of heavy metals. 相似文献
499.
Coagulation plays an important role in alleviating membrane fouling, and a noticeable problem is the development of microorganisms after long-time operation, which gradually secrete extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). To date, few studies have paid attention to the behavior of microorganisms in drinking water treatment with ultrafiltration(UF)membranes. Herein, the membrane biofouling was investigated with different aluminum and iron salts. We found that Al_2(SO_4)_3·18 H_2O performed better in reducing membrane fouling due to the slower growth rate of microorganisms. In comparison to Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O,more EPS were induced with Fe_2(SO_4)_3·x18H_2O, both in the membrane tank and the sludge on the cake layer. We also found that bacteria were the major microorganisms, of which the concentration was much higher than those of fungi and archaea. Further analyses showed that Proteobacteria was dominant in bacterial communities, which caused severe membrane fouling by forming a biofilm, especially for Fe_2(SO_4)_3·x18H_2O. Additionally, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were relatively higher in the presence of Al_2(SO_4)_3·18 H_2O,resulting in less severe biofouling by effectively degrading the protein and polysaccharide in EPS. As a result, in terms of microorganism behaviors, Al-based salts should be given preference as coagulants during actual operations. 相似文献
500.