人工快速渗滤系统对污染物的去除机制

人工快速渗滤系统(CRI)是在传统的污水快速渗滤处理系统(RI)的基础上发展起来的一种新型的污水土地处理技术.通过对CRI的模拟,揭示了非生物机制与生物机制对有机物、营养元素的降解机制.结果表明,CRI对污水中污染物的去除是在非生物机制与生物机制协同作用下完成的.对污水中的有机物和氮的降解以生物机制为主、非生物机制为辅;对磷的降解则以非生物机制为主、生物机制为辅.生物机制对有机物、氮的去除占70%以上,非生物机制对磷的去除占61.9%.系统中氮转化以硝化效果为主,反硝化效果较弱.     

Subsoil TPH and other petroleum fractions-contamination levels in an oil storage and distribution station in north-central Mexico

Many oil industry related sites have become contaminated due to the activities characteristic of this industry, such as oil exploration and production, refining, and petro-chemistry. In Mexico, reported hydrocarbon spills for the year 2000 amounted to 185 203, equivalent to 6252 tons (PEMEX, 2000). The first step for the remediation of these polluted sites is to assess the size and intensity of the oil contamination affecting the subsoil and groundwater, followed by a health risk assessment to establish clean up levels. The aim of this work was to characterize the soil and water in a north-central Mexico Oil Storage and Distribution Station (ODSS), in terms of TPHs, gasoline and diesel fractions, BTEX, PAHs, MTBE, and some metals. Besides, measurements of the explosivity index along the ODSS were made and we describe and discuss the risk health assessment analysis performed at the ODSS, as well as the recommendations arising from it. Considering soils with TPH concentrations higher than 2000 mg kg⁻¹, the contaminated areas corresponding to the railway zone is about 12 776.5 m², to the south of the storage tanks is about 6558 m², and to the south of the filling tanks is about 783 m². Total area to be treated is about 20 107 m² (volume of 20 107 m³), considering 1 m depth.     

Response to organic enrichment of infaunal macrobenthic communities under salmonid seacages

The response of infaunal macrobenthic communities beneath salmonid seacages to solid organic wastes (food pellets and fish excreta) was tested by means of the ABC-method (abundance, biomass comparison method: Warwick 1986) on samples collected from the SAFCOL seafarm at Badger Cove, southeast Tasmania, from February to July 1988. The intermittent nature of the addition of organic waste allowed us to monitor decline and recovery of the macrofauna, i.e., harvesting of a cage permitted a period of recovery whilst restocking precipitated a decline. The ABC-method proved to be a sensitive indicator of community health. Under a normal feeding regime the macrofaunal community structure indicated a moderately disturbed condition. Only 7 wk after the cage was harvested, species richness had increased markedly and the community adopted an undisturbed condition. Further improvement was apparent 14 wk post-harvest. Similarly, a decline to a moderately disturbed condition was apparent 7 wk after restocking and species richness had declined. No such changes occurred under a cage which contained fish continuously over the same period.     

个旧锡矿成矿热液活动的微量元素地球化学指示

通过对不同地质体中微量元素含量对比及因子分析 ,明确成矿热液活动元素 ,区分不同地球化学类型的元素集群。研究表明 ,成矿热液活动源于花岗岩岩浆侵位 ,花岗岩浆期后热液及地下水在岩体热力驱动下构成了一个系统的矿化热液活动体系 ,对区内地层产生广泛的蚀变影响 ,形成矿体、热液活动脉体及矿化热液活动元素对围岩地层的改造。成矿热液活动体系为开放系统 ,运动方式以构造断裂导流为主 ,孔隙渗透为次。     

城市生活垃圾场垂直防渗技术应用与认识

为防止生活垃圾场渗滤液扩散 ,造成二次污染 ,本文着重论述了采用帷幕注浆进行垂直防渗的可行性 ,并结合工程实践 ,对生活垃圾场场址选择、帷幕注浆材料使用以及防渗工程布置作了分析和探讨。     

Cardiac blood flow studies in fetuses with haemoglobin bart's disease

Blood flow across the atrioventricular valves and outflow tracts was measured in 55 normal fetuses and 32 fetuses with haemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation. The mean velocities remained unchanged in both normal and affected fetuses over the gestations studied. The volume flow across both atrioventricular valves and outflow tracts increased as the gestation advanced in both normal and affected fetuses, but was significantly higher in affected than in normal fetuses. The same magnitude of increased flow was found in both hydropic and non-hydropic fetuses with Hb Bart's disease. These findings suggest that fetuses with severe and long-standing anaemia have a remarkable cardiac compensatory mechanism for the maintenance of tissue oxygenation. In response to anaemia and circulatory loading, the cardiac chambers and outflow tracts enlarge proportionately up to twice the normal values. Because of this response and the operation of the Frank-Starling mechanism, the heart is able to maintain a normal mean velocity of propulsion and the net output is increased to two to three times that in normal fetuses. Hydropic changes in these anaemic fetuses appear unrelated to cardiac failure as cardiac failure is not observed at the time that hydropic changes develop.     

中国医院污水处理现状及前景分析

医院污水具有空间污染、急性传染和潜伏性传染等特征,不有效处理会成为一条疫病扩散的重要途径,并严重污染环境.本文首先提出了中国医院污水的处理现状,找出与发达国家之间的差距,进而对中国医院污水处理的前景进行了分析,提出中国医院污水处理中应改善的几个方面.     

浅谈一元线性回归在清洁生产审核中的应用

回归分析法是分析相关因素相互关系的一种数理统计方法,这种方法通常应用在预测分析中,如在市场预测时的产品需求预测,而这种方法亦可用于企业清洁生产审核,通过建立一元回归方程,从而表明消耗-生产之间的关系,并更深入地对绩效进行简单的分析,本文就一元线性回归在企业清洁生产审核中的应用进行了简要论述.     

中国自然灾害和减灾对策(之五)——开拓"综合减灾"新理念

近年世界上自然灾害损失增长日益严重,联合国副秘书长杨·埃格兰向联合国第61次大会报告了《国际减灾战略的执行情况》,近年内115个国家因自然灾害有93 000人丧生,经济损失比前十年平均值高出2.6倍、水灾次数大约高出50%.     

活性污泥作为气化用型煤粘结剂的研究Ⅱ.污泥型煤的气化特性与二次污染的考察

以污泥添加量为2%(干基)白泥添加量为0.3%(干基)所制得的污泥型煤为研究对象,以白泥添加量为5.5%的白泥型煤作为参照,考察了污泥型煤的气化特性和二次污染.研究结果表明,在1100℃以上高温下,污泥型煤的气化速率比白泥型煤高50%以上;污泥型煤的灰渣软化温度达1440℃,能满足合成氨气化要求;污泥型煤无二次污染,其气化成分符合合成氨原料气的要求.